Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate

Parmar, Kiran R.; Ross, Andrew B.

doi:10.3390/en12091586

Cited by 102 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The HTC residence time, used by Aragón-Briceño et al (30 min) [37], was also much lower in comparison to the residence time in this study (270 min). However, the COD obtained in this study (Table 2) is very close to the one obtained for HTC of an agricultural digestate by Parmar and Ross (between 42.2 and 46.3 g/dm 3 ) [36]. Overall, the spread of COD results presented in the literature, for effluents from HTC of by-products of fermentation processes, is quite wide (17.5 up to 105.6 g/dm 3 ) in itself.…”

Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…These compounds were not detected for short residence times [44], which suggests that the reactions responsible for the formation of these compounds are relatively slow, and compounds can be produced in relatively long residence times, which was the case in this study. 3 139.6 Chemical oxygen demand (COD), mg O2/dm 3 31,650 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), mg O2/dm 3 9520 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mg C/dm 3 15,281 N-NH4 + , mg/dm 3 700 N-NO2 − , mg/dm 3 0.1 N-NO3 − , mg/dm 3 below the limit of detection PO4 3− , mg/dm 3 950 Na, mg/dm 3 293.6 K, mg/dm 3 688.9 Ca, mg/dm 3 28.2 Mg, mg/dm 3 449.7 Cl−, mg/dm 3 85.7 Fe, mg/dm 3 22.13 Mn, mg/dm 3 1.68 Cu, mg/dm 3 0.71 Zn, mg/dm 3 1 It seems to be plausible to state that the liquid, with the content of such compounds, can be utilized effectively in the anaerobic digestion process, thus allowing the integration of the anaerobic digestion with HTC of its wet by-products, as already suggested by some authors [36,37,45]. Further research is needed to confirm this, assessing the influence of adding such a liquid to AD reactors and optimize the process, configured in such way (AD + HTC).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 86%

“…The potential synergy between hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion has been suggested, so far, by plenty of published studies [20,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. This synergy can be achieved in many ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.

show abstract

Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nonetheless, the results obtained with this formula should be regarded as accurate for several reasons. Firstly, the standard error of calibration of 337 kJ/kg and an R 2 coefficient of 0.943 achieved during validation of the against the experimental results [58,69]. Secondly, cereals were used among the materials, used for the validation formula.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, approximately one third of the original chemical energy of the feedstock is lost to by-products. However, this energy can be recovered by adding this liquid into anaerobic digestion reactors, as suggested by many studies of HTC of different types of biomass [43,69,[90][91][92][93][94][95].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Steady consumption of beer results in a steady output of residues, i.e., brewer's spent grain (BSG). Its valorization, using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) seems sensible. However, a significant knowledge gap regarding the variability of this residue and its influence on the valorization process and its potential use in biorefineries exists. This study attempted to fill this gap by characterization of BSG in conjunction with the main product (beer), taking into accounts details of the brewing process. Moreover, different methods to assess the performance of HTC were investigated. Overall, the differences in terms of the fuel properties of both types of spent grain were much less stark, in comparison to the differences between the respective beers. The use of HTC as a pretreatment of BSG for subsequent use as a biorefinery feedstock can be considered beneficial. HTC was helpful in uniformization and improvement of the fuel properties. A significant decrease in the oxygen content and O/C ratio and improved grindability was achieved. The Weber method proved to be feasible for HTC productivity assessment for commercial installations, giving satisfactory results for most of the cases, contrary to traditional ash tracer method, which resulted in significant overestimations of the mass yield.However, for craft breweries located in big cities, disposal becomes more problematic [3]. There are also attempts to enrich food products with spent grains. Thus far, there have been trials with sausages [4] and bread [5]. However, consumers reported that such products represent a fiber aftertaste [6]. However, this is limited only to the relatively close vicinity of a brewery, due to relatively high moisture content, that could range between 70% up to 78% 70% [7][8][9]. Biological activity of these residues makes long term storage difficult. The literature reports ongoing work on various new ways of using BSG, including extraction of polyphenols [10,11], other anti-oxidants [12,13], functional cardioprotective lipids for pharmaceutic use [14], proteins [15], fodder for edible insects [16], material for disposable trays [17], natural rubber modifier [18], as well as feedstock for production of pigments [19] and biochar, for subsequent use as soil amendment [20] or sustainable material for electrodes [21].The potential use of this residue as a fuel has been suggested by several authors so far [7][8][9]22,23]. The relatively high initial moisture content of spent grain makes hydrothermal valorization techniques the most sensible choice [8,9]. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), also known as wet torrefaction, is a valorization process suitable for a range of low-quality solid biomass, especially with high initial moisture content [24,25]. Process temperature, reported in the literature, usually ranges between 180 • C and 260 • C [25][26][27][28][29][30]. As the process takes place in subcritical water, pressure has to be higher than saturation pressure of water for specific temperature [25][26][27][28][29][30]. In these conditions wa...

show abstract

A parametric experimental validation of a biorefinery concept based on anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste

Magama

Chiyanzu

Mulopo

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of this paper was to assess the possibilities for one-stage reactor anaerobic digestion processing of fruit and vegetable biomass within a biorefinery concept for optimum products. Co-digestion was the simplest strategy to implement to increase product yield among the variables tested (pH, ultrasonification, and co-digestion). Methane yields from co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and pig manure (PM) ranged from 318 to 434 NmL /g VS, with the highest yield (434 NmL /g VS) achieved at a co-digestion ratio of FVW75:PM25, representing a 20% increase over the methane production from FVW alone. The pH value was determined to be the most effective variable for enhancing methane production, with pH = 8 producing the maximum cumulative methane yield of 497 NmL/g VS. There was no significant change in the composition of volatile fatty acids (VFA) with pH in terms of dominant product type; valeric acid was the predominant VFA synthesized at all starting pH values except pH = 12, where formic acid was the predominant acid formed. As a digestate posttreatment procedure, hydrothermal carbonization was combined with anaerobic digestion. At 200 °C, the maximum hydrochar yield production was 58.2%, with a higher heating value of 10.75 MJ/kg.

show abstract

Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate

Cited by 102 publications

References 71 publications

Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation

HTC of Wet Residues of the Brewing Process: Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Beer, Spent Grain and Valorized Residues

A parametric experimental validation of a biorefinery concept based on anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About