Integration of Goal- and Stimulus-Related Visual Signals Revealed by Damage to Human Parietal Cortex

Bays, Paul M.; Singh-Curry, Victoria; Gorgoraptis, Nikos; Driver, Jon; Husain, Masud

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0997-10.2010

Cited by 80 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although the (behaviorally irrelevant) visual contrast strongly affected the choice behavior in control conditions, after inactivation, the alleviation of the choice bias by high visual saliency of the contralesional stimulus was considerably weaker than by high reward. This finding is consistent with studies in neglect patients showing that manipulating the visual saliency in the contralesional field by prolonging stimulus duration, increasing size or luminance, improves extinction symptoms, but rather modestly (Bays, Singh-Curry, Gorgoraptis, Driver, & Husain, 2010;Smania, Martini, Prior, & Marzi, 1996;Di Pellegrino & De Renzi, 1995;Zihl & von Cramon, 1979).…”

Section: Pulvinar and Reward-based Choicessupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Pulvinar Inactivation on Spatial Decision-making between Equal and Asymmetric Reward Options

Wilke

Kagan

Andersen

2013

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ The ability to selectively process visual inputs and to decide between multiple movement options in an adaptive manner is critical for survival. Such decisions are known to be influenced by factors such as reward expectation and visual saliency. The dorsal pulvinar connects to a multitude of cortical areas that are involved in visuospatial memory and integrate information about upcoming eye movements with expected reward values. However, it is unclear whether the dorsal pulvinar is critically involved in spatial memory and reward-based oculomotor decision behavior. To examine this, we reversibly inactivated the dorsal portion of the pulvinar while monkeys performed a delayed memory saccade task that included choices between equally or unequally rewarded options. Pulvinar inactivation resulted in a delay of saccade initiation toward memorized contralesional targets but did not affect spatial memory. Furthermore, pulvinar inactivation caused a pronounced choice bias toward the ipsilesional hemifield when the reward value in the two hemifields was equal. However, this choice bias could be alleviated by placing a high reward target into the contralesional hemifield. The bias was less affected by the manipulation of relative visual saliency between the two competing targets. These results suggest that the dorsal pulvinar is involved in determining the behavioral desirability of movement goals while being less critical for spatial memory and reward processing. ■

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Section: Pulvinar and Reward-based Choicessupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Pulvinar Inactivation on Spatial Decision-making between Equal and Asymmetric Reward Options

Wilke

Kagan

Andersen

2013

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Indeed, this is alluded to by Thompson and Crundall (2011) who discount this theory because of a lack of evidence for attentional allocation to blank space. Evidence from spatial neglect indicates that apparent increase in saliency of one area of the visual field may be the result of abnormally high saliency of these locations (Bays, Singh-Curry, Gorgoraptis, Driver, & Husain, 2010;Shomstein et al, 2010;Snow & Mattingley, 2006). Thus, if this strategy carried over to a second task, allocation of resources to these locations would be limited in this task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional modulation of the carry over of eye-movements between tasks

et al. 2016

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Task demands that influence scanning behaviour in one task can cause that behaviour to persist to a second unrelated task (carry over). This can also affect performance on a second task (e.g., hazard perception ratings), and has been attributed to a process of attentional bias that is modulated by top-down influences (Thompson & Crundall, 2011). In a series of experiments we explored how these top-down influences impact upon carry over. In all experiments, participants searched letters that were presented horizontally, vertically, or in a random array. They were then presented with a driving scene and rated the hazardousness of the scene. Carry over of eye-movements from the letter search to the scene was observed in all experiments. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this carry over effect influenced hazard perception accuracy. The magnitude of carry over was correlated with task switching abilities, attentional conflicting, and attentional orienting (Experiment 1), and was affected by predictability of the primary task (Experiment 2). Furthermore, direct current stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal areas affected the magnitude of the effect (Experiment 3). These results indicate that carry over is modulated by the specific ability to orient attention and disengage from this orientation. Over orienting leads to increased carry over and insufficient task switching is detrimental to task performance. As a result the current experiments provide evidence that the carry over effect is strongly influenced by attentional processes, namely orienting, inhibition, and task switching.

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“…The TPJ, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and ventral prefrontal cortex are active in association with changes in one's own attentional state, especially when a novel or unexpected stimulus draws attention (31)(32)(33)(34). Moreover, lesions in the TPJ are associated with hemispatial neglect (35)(36)(37), and disruption of the TPJ has been found to induce visual extinction (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributing awareness to oneself and to others

Kelly

Webb

Meier

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This study tested the possible relationship between reported visual awareness ("I see a visual stimulus in front of me") and the social attribution of awareness to someone else ("That person is aware of an object next to him"). Subjects were tested in two steps. First, in an fMRI experiment, subjects were asked to attribute states of awareness to a cartoon face. Activity associated with this task was found bilaterally within the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) among other areas. Second, the TPJ was transiently disrupted using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). When the TMS was targeted to the same cortical sites that had become active during the social attribution task, the subjects showed symptoms of visual neglect in that their detection of visual stimuli was significantly affected. In control trials, when TMS was targeted to nearby cortical sites that had not become active during the social attribution task, no significant effect on visual detection was found. These results suggest that there may be at least some partial overlap in brain mechanisms that participate in the social attribution of sensory awareness to other people and in attributing sensory awareness to oneself.social cognition | consciousness | attention

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Integration of Goal- and Stimulus-Related Visual Signals Revealed by Damage to Human Parietal Cortex

Cited by 80 publications

References 65 publications

Effects of Pulvinar Inactivation on Spatial Decision-making between Equal and Asymmetric Reward Options

Effects of Pulvinar Inactivation on Spatial Decision-making between Equal and Asymmetric Reward Options

Attentional modulation of the carry over of eye-movements between tasks

Attributing awareness to oneself and to others

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