The purpose of this work was to determine the requirements for image storage and network bandwidth for a total digital department in a moderate sized academic radiology department. Data from the radiology information system was combined with image production information to produce a model of image acquisition. Destinations of images to reading rooms were studied to determine the final distributions of film. AII findings were used to model the flow of data that would be expected if the images in the department were completely digital. Using today's standards, the department would produce approximately 15. p ICTURE ARCHIVING and communication systems (PACS) offer radiology departments the potential for improved image data management efficiency, v30ne major benefit of PACS is rapid and simultaneous dissemination of images to radiologist display stations and clinicians for review. 4 Another important advantage is digital archival of images eliminating manual retrieval of old studies and thereby reducing problems of missing or lost films. 5 PACS also offers prospects for direct interface with the radiology inforrnation system (RIS) that could integrate radiologist's reports and patient images. 6,7 A successful PACS implementation requires careful planning and analysis of data volumes generated, routed, displayed, and stored for future access. Previous estimates of the total amount of data generated by a radiology department with an annual volume of 100,000 examinations are on the order of 11 Gbytes per day. 8 These daily acquisition rates correspond to annual image data generation of 2 to 3 Tbytes. However, designers of PACS networks will also need to take into account rates of flow of data and variations in the flow of data throughout the day for acquisition modalities, display stations, and image archives. 2,943 It is important to specify a PACS network to handle the irnage transfer load using data that match the operation of the department for which PACS is being designe&In this paper, we report on the pattern of image data generation and distribution from eight acquisition modalities to 11 diagnostic display locations. Data rates throughout the working day were calculated from RIS reports, and the contents of film folders. Results obtained provide quantitative information about the data storage requirements and anticipated data flow rates within our radiology department. These data were evaluated for their implications for prospective PACS network designs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Image generation. The University of Florida RadiologyDepartment performs approximately 160,000 imaging examinations each year. Table 1 shows the department's annual imaging load grouped by similar image sources, the number of studies performed per year, and provides a summary of the major items of imaging equipment in the department. Examinations performed and interpreted in other departments, such as cardiac catherizations in cardiology, were excluded from this study.Data were obtained on all examinations performed during a 4 consecutive ...