Integration and scaling ofUV‐B radiation effects on plants: from molecular interactions to whole plant responses

Abstract

A process based model integrating the effects of UV‐B radiation to molecular level processes and their consequences to whole plant growth and development was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Model simulations showed that UV‐B radiation induced changes in plant metabolic and/or photosynthesis rates can result in plant growth inhibitions. The costs of effective epidermal UV‐B radiation absorptive compounds did not result in any significant changes in plant growth, but any associated metabolic costs effectively reduced the potential plant biomass. The model showed significant interactions between UV‐B radiation effects and temperature and any factor leading to inhibition of photosynthetic production or plant growth during the midday, but the effects were not cumulative for all factors. Vegetative growth were significantly delayed in species that do not exhibit reproductive cycles during a growing season, but vegetative growth and reproductive yield in species completing their life cycle in one growing season did not appear to be delayed more than 2–5 days, probably within the natural variability of the life cycles for many species. This is the first model to integrate the effects of increased UV‐B radiation through molecular level processes and their consequences to whole plant growth and development.

Exotic plant species are locally adapted but not to high ultraviolet‐B radiation: a reciprocal multispecies experiment

“…). Regarding UV‐B, Suchar and Robberecht (, ) did not find an indication for a direct link between cost for epidermal UV‐B absorbing compounds and inhibition of growth. Accordingly, investment in photoprotection by secondary metabolites can be considered a very efficient plant response in high‐UV‐B environments and might enable evolution of phenotypic plasticity.…”

“…, Robson et al. , Suchar and Robberecht ). At the cellular level, the main targets of high‐energy UV‐B radiation are nucleic acids, Calvin cycle enzymes and photosystem II proteins with a significant potential for photosynthesis apparatus damage (Kataria et al.…”

“…Up to twofold higher UV intensities are observed in the southern hemisphere, in particular, when regions at similar latitude are compared, e.g., temperate Central Europe with temperate New Zealand (Seckmeyer and McKenzie 1992, Godar 2007, McKenzie et al 2007. Plants can respond to elevated UV-B radiation with changes in phenology (e.g., a delayed reproductive timing), decreased productivity, a more compact plant architecture and changes in leaf morphology, i.e., reduced stem length, increased branching, thicker leaves with modified leaf shape and altered root : shoot ratios in various directions (Kataria et al 2014, Llorens et al 2015, Robson et al 2015, Suchar and Robberecht 2016. At the cellular level, the main targets of high-energy UV-B radiation are nucleic acids, Calvin cycle enzymes and photosystem II proteins with a significant potential for photosynthesis apparatus damage (Kataria et al 2014).…”

Spores potentially dispersed to longer distances are more tolerant to ultraviolet radiation: A case study in the moss genus Orthotrichum

“…UV‐B has traditionally been considered a harmful environmental factor for photosynthetic organisms, but recently it has rather considered to be a general regulator mostly inducing acclimation responses (Jansen and Bornman, ). Much research has been conducted on the effects of UV‐B radiation on the biochemistry, physiology, morphology, and anatomy of photosynthetic organisms, including bryophytes (Suchar and Robberecht, ). UV‐B radiation can also alter reproductive processes and, specifically, algal spores and pollen of seed plants have been demonstrated to be the most UV‐B‐sensitive reproductive stage (Roleda et al., ; Llorens et al., ).…”

Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and nitrogen deposition on the growth of invasive plant Triadica sebifera

“…, 因此, UV-B作 为一种非生物胁迫, 可能在植物入侵过程中扮演着 至关重要的角色。 氮作为植物生长所需的大量元素, 其水平的高 低直接影响植物的新陈代谢和生长发育。工业革命 以来, 人类活动导致大气氮沉降加剧 (Kanakidou et al, 2016), 直接提高了土壤氮素可利用水平。"资 源可利用性增强"假说认为: 某一群落内资源可利 用水平增加会导致外来植物入侵该群落的可能性增 加 (Davis et al, 2000)。由于部分入侵植物较之本地 植物表现出更强的氮吸收速率 (Zou et al, 2006), 因 而 氮 沉 降 加 剧 可 能 对 植 物 入 侵 具 有 促 进 作 用 (Bradley et al, 2010; 陈彤等, 2012)。 "天敌逃逸"假说认为, 外来植物能够成功入侵 可能与入侵地无专食性天敌危害有关 (Keane & Crawley, 2002;Huang et al, 2012;黄伟等, 2013), 随着研究的深入, 土壤有害微生物(如病原菌)也被 认为具有类似于地上天敌的作用 (van der Putten et al, 2007;Callaway et al, 2011); 此外, 土壤有益微 生物共生体(如根瘤菌、菌根真菌等)通常能够协助 入侵植物高效地利用土壤氮 (Huang et al, 2016)、磷 (Zhang et al, 2013) (Huang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2015)。乌桕入侵种群通过"地上优 先"的分配策略以及高耐性、低抗性的进化选择, 使 其比原产地种群具有更高的相对生长速率、氮吸收 速率和比叶面积等特征 (Zou et al, 2006(Zou et al, , 2007Zhang et al, 2013;吴昊和丁建清, 2014;Yang et al, 2015), 在生长方面已经进化出明显的优势。鉴于乌桕成功 入侵与非生物和生物因素的复杂性, 国内外学者相 继开展了原产地和入侵地乌桕种群对UV-B辐射增强 (Wang et al, 2015), 氮沉降和土壤微生物交互作用 (Zhang et al, 2013), 施肥、盐度和土壤微生物交互作 用 (Yang et al, 2015) …”