“…Some researchers have investigated integrated water quality models (Richards et al, 1996;Ning et al, 2001;Beck, 2005;Lindenschmidt et al, 2005) and environmental management systems based on hydrologic modeling (Chau et al, 2002;Mujumdar and Saxena, 2004;Zacharias et al, 2005), but these systems are not connected with any online monitoring system. Even in emergency cases of water pollution, no feasible management scheme can be worked out in a timely manner (Thoms and Swirepik, 1998;Rauch and Harremoe¨s, 1999;Huang and Xia, 2001;Quinn, 2003).…”