“…There is a steadily growing body of empirical research on the ethics and values of public sector organizations and employees in the US and Canada (e.g., Bowman and Connolly Knox, Bowman and Knox, 2008;Goss, 2003;Kernaghan, 2003;Kim, 2001), as well as in different countries in Europe (e.g., Beck Jørgensen and Bozeman, 2007;van den Heuvel et al 2002;Vrangbaek, 2009). What has fueled the recent wave of publications on public values is the assumed influence of businesslike or managerial approaches to government, such as New Public Management (NPM; Hood 1991), and management by measurement (Noordegraaf and Abma, 2003) on traditional public sector values such as 'impartiality,' 'lawfulness,' and 'neutrality' (e.g., Eikenberry and Kluwer 2004;Frederickson, 2005;Kernaghan, 2000Kernaghan, , 2003Lane 2000).…”