Integrating the Keepers: A Comparison of Black and White Prison Guards in Illinois

Predicting work-related stress in correctional officers: A meta-analysis

“…This finding was important as it related directly to a debated area in this literature regarding the role of ethnicity in the etiology of correctional officer stress. This idea, commonly expressed as the ''identification'' hypothesis (Jacobs & Kraft, 1978), was supported by largely anecdotal evidence in the past and stated that minority officers (such as Blacks and Hispanics) were less alienated and concomitantly felt less strain when interacting with the inmate population due to the disproportionate representation of minorities in the prison system in the United States (Britton, 1997).…”

South African correctional official occupational stress: The role of psychological strengths

“…Dowden and Tellier (2004) again found that correctional officers who were ethnic minorities experienced significantly less job stress than Caucasian officers. A possible explanation for this finding was the so-called bidentificationQ hypothesis (Jacobs & Kraft, 1978), as put forward by Britton (1997), which stated that minority officers were less alienated and concomitantly felt less strain when interacting with the inmate population due to the disproportionate representation of minorities in the prison system (in the United States).…”

The Impact of Punishment and Rehabilitation Views on Organizational Commitment Among Correctional Staff: A Preliminary Study

“…Some studies reported that race was linked to views of inmates, with Nonhite staff being more supportive of treatment than White employees (Cullen et al 1989;Jurik 1985;Paboojian and Teske 1997;Van Voorhis et al 1991;Whitehead and Lindquist 1989). Conversely, Crouch and Alpert (1982), Farkas (1999), Jacobs and Kraft (1978), and Klofas (1986) all reported that race had no relationship with punishment among correctional officers.…”