Residential child care in Scotland is located, professionally, within social work. However, the very specific expertise required to work in the field is rarely accommodated in social work training or within wider social work discourses. The literature on learning and teaching in higher education helps illuminate some of the differences between the two disciplines. Within this literature, expertise is located in the practice experience of those who work in a particular field. Accordingly, the role of the M.Sc. could not be, merely, to transmit existing ''formal'' knowledge. Rather, it needed to contest much of this as that formal knowledge had not served residential child care well. It had to draw out the situated knowledge of students on the course and to synthesise this with understandings from the child and youth care tradition so that the course might begin to generate a discourse for residential child care that reflected and resonated with the experiences of practitioners. This paper describes how I have drawn on ideas from learning and teaching in higher education and applied them to how a Masters course of study, in Scotland, has been conceived to develop the professional identity of residential child care. I argue that advancing residential child care practice requires that structural aspects of the way care is conceptualised are understood and contested.Residential child care in Scotland is located professionally within social work. There are tensions within this relationship and a dissonance between much social work theory and the realities of residential Correspondence should be addressed to Mark Smith child care practice. These relate fundamentally to the nature of expertise. Because of this dissonance, masters level education of workers in residential child care could not be pitched at a level of transmitting existing-yet often inadequate-formal knowledge from teacher to learner. Rather, it had to draw on the practice knowledge of course participants and integrate this with theory from the child and youth care tradition to generate a disciplinary discourse that reflected and resonated with the experience of workers in the field.