Integrating social and ecological information to identify high-risk areas of human-crocodile conflict in the Indonesian Archipelago

Ardiantiono, Ardiantiono; Henkanaththegedara, Sujan M.; Sideleau, Brandon; Sheherazade,; Anwar, Yogie; Haidir, Iding Achmad; Amarasinghe, A.A. Thasun

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2023.109965

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, we urge future research on crocodilian conservation and management to treat these complex problems as coupled human and natural systems [3]. Despite growth in global crocodilian research focusing on connections between the ecological e.g., [13,35,36], social e.g., [37][38][39][40], and economic e.g., [41][42][43][44] factors influencing and influenced by, crocodilians, there are still knowledge gaps surrounding these linkages, including their magnitude and extent, underlying causes, and ultimate effects from local to global scales. Integration of (1) patterns and processes that link humans and natural systems, (2) reciprocal interactions and feedbacks between humans and the environment, and (3) understanding scalar-interactions between human and natural components (e.g., largescale phenomena that emerge from the interactions of multiple agents at the local scale, influencing local systems [45]) is required to address the increased complexity and help prevent the negative consequences that may occur due to fundamentally new and rapid changes [3,46,47] on successful crocodilian conservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Ecology of Nuisance Crocodiles: Movement Patterns of Relocated American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Coleman,

Gabel,

Easter

et al. 2024

Animals

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Anthropogenic alterations of the environment have increased, highlighting the need for human–wildlife coexistence and conflict mitigation. Spatial ecology, and the use of passive satellite movement technology in particular, has been used to identify patterns in human–wildlife conflict as a function of shared resources that present potential for dangerous situations. Here, we aim to remotely identify patterns indicative of human–crocodile conflict in Guanacaste, Costa Rica by exploring site fidelity and diverse modes of movement (i.e., land and water) across space between nuisance (relocated) and non-nuisance (wild) crocodiles. Advanced satellite remote sensing technology provided near-constant movement data on individuals at the regional scale. Telonics Iridium SeaTrkr-4370-4 transmitters were used with modified crocodilian fitting. Results indicate that relocated crocodiles exhibited large-scale movements relative to wild crocodiles. Nuisance relocated crocodiles either returned to the area of nuisance or potentially attempted to in short time frames. The results presented here highlight the need for alternative management strategies that facilitate relocation efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Ecology of Nuisance Crocodiles: Movement Patterns of Relocated American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Coleman,

Gabel,

Easter

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Human‐wildlife interactions can vary significantly in form and frequency due to the dynamic social‐ecological elements while feeding back on human and wildlife systems (Balasubramaniam et al., 2021). Although considerable efforts have concentrated on the ecological aspects of HWIs, delving into characteristics of human‐wildlife conflicts and their underlying determinants (Ardiantiono et al., 2023; Kitratporn & Takeuchi, 2022), there is a growing emphasis on exploring the ‘human dimensions’ of HWIs. This encompasses studies on human attitudes and beliefs (Bruskotter et al., 2019; Kansky et al., 2016), costs and benefits (Rode et al., 2021), the importance of stakeholder involvement (Dawson et al., 2021; Young et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating dynamics in human‐bear interactions within social‐ecological system

Ji,

Wei,

2024

People and Nature

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Over the past few decades, social‐ecological transformations have contributed to the restoration of numerous carnivores, presenting new challenges for human‐wildlife coexistence. Evaluating and understanding human‐wildlife interaction dynamics, particularly for conflict‐prone species, is crucial for conservation and management strategies. Our study focuses on Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Western Yunnan, China, a region with favourable bear conditions and significant environmental changes due to conservation policies. This study employed a multifaceted approach to gather data on bear occurrences and human‐bear conflicts. Utilising species distribution models, we predicted the potential bear habitat in 2000 and 2020. We proposed a methodology integrating bear habitat with human footprint to delineate the human‐bear interface. Additionally, we evaluated the spatial–temporal variations in bear habitat and human‐bear interface between 2000 and 2020. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to capture the perceptions of local communities regarding the bear population, human‐bear interactions and conservation policies. Our findings indicated that the potential habitats of bears were strongly influenced by forest cover. We noticed improvements in bear habitat from 2000 to 2020, notwithstanding localised losses in specific areas. Most respondents attributed the increasing bear population to forest restoration and reduced human impact during this period. Notably, a significant proportion of respondents supported the conservation policies, previously participating in their formulation and implementation. Our analysis further revealed increases in the human‐bear interface and human‐bear interactions from 2000 to 2020. Remarkably, these changes did not significantly diminish local communities' endorsement of conservation policies. This resilience can be attributed to the net positive impacts of conservation policies on the livelihoods of these communities. Our study highlights the complexity and dynamic nature of human‐wildlife interactions within the social‐ecological system and provides new insights to facilitate sustainable conservation and management measures. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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“…, 2020 ). For example, a study on saltwater crocodiles ( Crocodylus porosus ) reported 665 attacks on humans across the entire Indonesian archipelago between 2010 and 2019, of which 47% were lethal and 53% were non-lethal ( Henkanaththegedara et al. , 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since crocodiles are ectothermic animals, they also need open basking lands to regulate body temperature ( Grigg and Gans, 1993 ), which places them in direct conflict with human activities on lands, as well ( Vyas and Vasava, 2019 ; Oommen, 2021 ). Moreover, conflict incidents usually reach a peak during the breeding season, as crocodiles are ‘hole-nesters’, having on-shore dens with extensive guarding, and parents actively defend the nests and the hatchlings ( Henkanaththegedara et al. , 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the stress physiology of free-ranging mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) across diverse habitats within Central Gujarat, India

Desai,

Bhowmik,

Srinivasan

et al. 2024

Conservation Physiology

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Animals face several challenges in their natural environment, and to cope with such conditions, they may exhibit contrasting physiological responses that directly affect their overall well-being and survival. In this study, we assessed physiological responses via faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) measurements in free-ranging mugger crocodiles inhabiting diverse habitats in Gujarat, India. We sampled muggers within Charotar, a rural area (Zone A) with local people having high tolerance towards the presence of muggers, and Vadodara, a region having both urban (Zone B) and rural (Zone C) areas with high levels of human–mugger conflict (HMC). Further, muggers in Vadodara live in water bodies that are mostly polluted due to sewage disposal from adjoining chemical industries. To measure fGCM (mean ± SEM, ng/g dry faeces) levels in muggers, scats were collected during both breeding (N = 107 scats) and non-breeding (N = 22 scats) seasons from all three zones. We used captive muggers (a focal enclosure) to biologically validate (via capture and restraint) the selected fGCM assay (11-oxoetiocholanolone assay). We showed a significant (P < 0.05) 11-fold increase in fGCM levels between pre-capture (540.9 ± 149.2, N = 11) and post-capture (6259.7 ± 1150.5, N = 11) samples. The validated assay was applied to free-ranging muggers during the breeding season, and Zone A showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower fGCM levels (542.03 ± 71.3) compared to muggers of Zone B (1699.9 ± 180.8) and Zone C (1806.4 ± 243.2), both zones having high levels of HMC with polluted water bodies. A similar contrast in fGCM levels was also observed during the non-breeding season. Overall, the study demonstrated that fGCM levels in muggers varied across habitats, and such variation could be due to a multitude of ecological factors that the species experience in their immediate local environment. Moreover, high fGCM levels in muggers of Vadodara during both breeding and non-breeding seasons may indicate a condition of chronic stress, which could be maladaptive for the species.

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Integrating social and ecological information to identify high-risk areas of human-crocodile conflict in the Indonesian Archipelago

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

The Spatial Ecology of Nuisance Crocodiles: Movement Patterns of Relocated American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

The Spatial Ecology of Nuisance Crocodiles: Movement Patterns of Relocated American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Evaluating dynamics in human‐bear interactions within social‐ecological system

Monitoring the stress physiology of free-ranging mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) across diverse habitats within Central Gujarat, India

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