Integrating role of ethylene and ABA in tomato plants adaptation to salt stress

Amjad, Muhammad; Akhtar, Javaid; Anwar‐ul‐Haq, Muhammad; Yang, Aizheng; Akhtar, Saqib Saleem; Jacobsen, Sven‐Erik

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.03.024

Cited by 80 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The effects of salinity on the increase of abscission has also been described for other crops, such as strawberry (Orsini, Alnayef, Bona, Maggio, & Gianquinto, 2012) and tomato (Maggio, Raimond, Martino, & De Pascale, 2007). The drastic effects of salinity on leaf abscission have been explained by the increases in abscisic acid and ethylene concentrations that usually occur in organs that store high concentrations of Na + and/or Cl - (Arango, Wüst, Beyer, & Welsch, 2010;Amjad et al, 2014;Siddikee, Chauhan, & Sa, 2012). Salinity did not affect the differentiation process that leads to the formation of tuberous roots, demonstrating that this process, as well as the total number of leaves produced, was less sensitive to NaCl stress.…”

Section: Growth and Dry Matter Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity reduces carbon assimilation and the harvest index of cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Cruz¹,

Filho²,

Coelho³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Agron.

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ABSTRACT. This study was developed to evaluate the effects of salinity on the growth and gas exchange of cassava plants, cultivar Verdinha. The four concentrations of NaCl (mM) were as follows: 0, 20, 40, and 60. Under salinity, the lowest concentration of Na + ions was observed in the tuberous roots; however, the dry matter of tuberous roots was reduced with an application of just 20 mM NaCl. The harvest index was reduced 50% with the highest salt concentration. Salinity reduced carbon assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (g s ), transpiration, and the instantaneous water use efficiency. The correlation between g s and A was high and positive, showing that stomatal movement was one of the responsible for the lower A. Under salt stress, there was an increase in intercellular CO 2 concentration, indicating the impairment of carbon metabolism. Based on the reduction of dry matter of the tuberous roots (reduction of 81% under 60 mM NaCl), it was concluded that cassava is sensitive to salinity. The growth of shoots and the absorbing roots were minimally affected by salinity, even in the situation where A was reduced; therefore, the sensitivity of cassava was related to the high sensitivity of the tuberous roots to the ionic and/or osmotic effects of salinity. Thus, tuberous roots can be the target organ in studies that aim to improve the tolerance of cassava to salinity.Keywords: photosynthesis, dry matter, water use efficiency, harvest index, root:shoot ratio, salt stress.Salinidade reduz a fotossíntese e o índice de colheita da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) RESUMO. Esse estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da salinidade sobre as trocas gasosas e crescimento da mandioca, cultivar Verdinha. Quatro concentrações de NaCl, em mM, foram utilizadas: 0, 20, 40 e 60. A menor concentração de Na + foi observada nas raízes tuberosas; entretanto, a matéria seca dessa parte da planta foi reduzida pela aplicação de apenas 20 mM de NaCl. O índice de colheita foi reduzido em até 50% pela salinidade. A aplicação de NaCl reduziu a assimilação de carbono (A), condutância estomática (g s ), transpiração (E) e eficiência no uso de água (EUA). A correlação entre g s e A foi alta e positiva, evidenciando que o movimento estomático foi um dos responsáveis pela menor A. Sob salinidade também existiu aumento na concentração interna de CO 2 , indicando que o NaCl pode ter inibido o metabolismo de carbono das plantas. Com base na redução do acúmulo de matéria seca das raízes tuberosas (redução de 81% sob 60 mM de NaCl) é concluído que essa cultivar de mandioca é bastante sensível à presença de NaCl na solução do solo. A sensibilidade da mandioca esteve relacionada à alta sensibilidade das raízes tuberosas aos efeitos iônicos e/ou osmótico do NaCl. Assim, as raízes tuberosas podem ser o órgão alvo em estudos que visem melhorar a tolerância da mandioca à salinidade.Palavras-chave: fotossíntese, matéria seca, uso eficiente de água, índice de colheita, relação raiz:parte aérea, estresse salino.

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Section: Growth and Dry Matter Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity reduces carbon assimilation and the harvest index of cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Cruz¹,

Filho²,

Coelho³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Agron.

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“…At a larger scale among groups the heterogeneity of gas exchange, parameters is thought to partly depend on variations of stomatal number and size over the plant leaf (Weyers and Lawson, 1997;Mott and Buckley, 1998), while at a smaller scale of individual plant the gas exchange parameters was observed to be related to non-uniform stomata behavior of patchy stomatal closure Buckley, 1998, 2000). These conclusions were drawn according to studies of crop and tree plants (Paz et al, 2014;Amjad et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2015) with the correlation between stomatal closure and decline of photosynthesis (Meloni et al, 2003;Xue and Liu, 2008). However, opposed viewpoints have also been put forward based on contrasting evidence (Yang et al, 2007;Gazanchian et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses of Alfalfa to High-level Salt Stress: Root Ion Flux and Stomatal Characteristics

Guo

Wei²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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Alfalfa is an important salt-tolerant leguminous forage-plant in salinity areas worldwide, but its performance in high level of salt stress cannot meet the satisfactory requirement. Especially, the short-term response of alfalfa to high-level salt stress is still not clear. In the present study, thirty-day-old alfalfa Gongnong No. 1 (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gongnong No.1) seedlings were exposed to NaCl treatments at concentrations of 0 (control), 50 (moderate level), 150 (high level), and 250 mM (extremely high level). Twenty-four hours after salt stress treatment, with the increase of NaCl level plant height was slightly decreased but both shoot biomass and root length were substantially declined to a dramatic extent. Also decreased was root K + concentration. In contrast, both Na + concentration and ratio of K + /Na + showed increased trends. Root K + flux was determined using non-invasive micro-test technique (NMT) around apical root tips, wherein a clear K + influx was observed at the rate of about 0.5 nmol cm -2 s -1 under the condition without salt stress, while under salt stress at the rate of 2-3 nmol cm -2 s -1 did occur K + efflux. Accordingly, stomatal length and breadth and stomatal aperture breadth decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration, while stomatal aperture density increased with time in the first 24 h after NaCl treatment. In conclusion, as a species-specific test, alfalfa is sensitive to high-level salinity with NaCl concentrations above 150 mM in the first 24 h post salt-exposure. The key mechanism was found to be presented as the pressed stamatal conductance induced by K + -Na + unbalance which was caused by root K + efflux.

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“…Leaf ethylene was measured from the five uppermost fully expanded leaves from each plant 70 days after planting, according to Amjad et al (2014). Leaves (4-6) were detached, weighed and placed into 100 mL vessels in such a way to minimize the damage to leaves so that it would not affect the ethylene biosynthesis reading, sealed with special lids for collecting the gas samples and placed at room temperature for 48 h. To measure the ethylene concentration, about 1 mL of gas sample was collected with a syringe (Braun Melsungen AG) and samples were analysed by gas chromatography using ethylene standards of different concentrations.…”

Section: Ethylene Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the responses of four chicory ecotypes by ethylene accumulation and growth characteristics under drought stress

Sadeghi¹,

Ghanaatiyan²

2017

Ital J Agronomy

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Water deficit is the largest limiting abiotic factor in agriculture and will increase in future. Evaluating the drought stress-induced changes in growth parameters as well as the leaves ethylene accumulation of medicinal plants to grow these in arid and semi-arid areas has particular importance. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a famous medicinal herbal plant which grows in most parts of Iran. A factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of drought stress [100 (as a control), 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity (FC)] on morphophysiological parameters as well as the leaves ethylene accumulation of four chicory ecotypes. The results showed a significant effect of drought on plant height, leaf area, shoot moisture content and total dry matter production of chicory ecotypes which were reduced under drought stress. Under increasing drought level the Siyah Shiraz (Kh) ecotype performed better by maintaining more growth characters, thereby leading to more production of dry matter than the other ecotypes. Isfahan ecotype was the most affected by rising tensions and showed more reduction in growth traits. Drought stress also considerably changed leaf ethylene content, that made the leaf ethylene biosynthesis to be significantly higher under severe (60 and 40% FC) stress when compared to control (100% FC) and was significantly higher in drought-tolerant chicory ecotype (Kh). In general, it can be concluded that Kh was superior to other ecotypes in terms of growth and leaves ethylene accumulation, and can be suitable for cultivation in arid regions.

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Integrating role of ethylene and ABA in tomato plants adaptation to salt stress

Cited by 80 publications

References 61 publications

<b>Salinity reduces carbon assimilation and the harvest index of cassava plants (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz)

<b>Salinity reduces carbon assimilation and the harvest index of cassava plants (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz)

Physiological Responses of Alfalfa to High-level Salt Stress: Root Ion Flux and Stomatal Characteristics

Probing the responses of four chicory ecotypes by ethylene accumulation and growth characteristics under drought stress

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