Integrating, Predicting and Preventing Flow Assurance Issues—A Review

An Overview of Flow Assurance Heat Management Systems in Subsea Flowlines

“…Asphaltene is a class of compound in crude oil that is soluble in light aromatic but are insoluble in n-heptane [25,45,46]. Asphaltene contains the majority of the inorganic component of hydrocarbon fluid [25,26], which includes nitrogen and sulfur, and metals such as vanadium and nickel [25,26].…”

“…The stability of Asphaltene is dependent on the ratio of asphaltene to stabilizing factors like resins and aromatics in the crude oil [25]. Pressure has the biggest impact on asphaltene stability [25] and Asphaltene Onset Pressure (AOP) is the pressure at which asphaltene begins to settle out in the flowline [46]. Asphaltene can be unsettled by the introduction of some kind of acid or completion fluids and by elevated temperature observed during the refining activities of crude oil [25,26].…”

flow assurance problems in the geo-energy industry: microbial influenced corrosion, and precipitation of clays in reservoir acid stimulation

“…Flow assurance refers to the free flow of fluids and gases from the reservoir up to processing and transportation facilities (Theyab 2018). Flow assurance addresses broad aspects of the problems of flow distortion such as corrosion, hydrates, wax, asphaltenes, slugging, naphthenates, emulsion, scales, and formation of solids (sediments, fines, clays, and sands) (Bai and Bai, 2005;Khanna and Patwardhan, 2019). A general overview of geo-energy resources (geothermal energy, oil, and natural gas) is presented in section 1.2 and section 1.3, and a review of the literature on flow assurance (bio-corrosion, and precipitation of clay during acid stimulation) is discussed in Chapter 2.…”