Integrating power in institutional analysis: A micro-foundation perspective

Kashwan, Prakash

doi:10.1177/0951629815586877

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…the tourism industry), the defence of non-use values is by definition economically less profitable -at least in the short run. The initial focus of much of the neoinstitutionalist literature on relatively simple CPRI with model character (following rational choice approaches) might have led to underresearch power issues shaping the political decision-making procedures on the management of the commons (Theesfeld 2011;Kashwan 2015). Framing landscape conflicts in terms of value helps uncover power games surrounding the definition of the political objectives to follow in governing landscape commons.…”

Section: Discussion -Landscape As a Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From landscape resources to landscape commons: focussing on the non-utility values of landscape

Gerber

Heß

2017

International Journal of the Commons

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Abstract:Landscape is increasingly conceptualized as a resource. We argue that although a resource-based approach may be positive in terms of conservation outcomes, focusing on use value does not do sufficient justice to the many complex facets of landscape. Reiterating the Florence Declaration on Landscape, which considers that "landscape is a common good", we suggest that the conceptualization of landscape as a commons will resolve the discrepancy. However, a conceptual shift towards a more holistic commons-based approach requires a detailed understanding of the different values of landscape. Based on a phenomenological conceptualization of the landscape, this article explores the theoretical roots of the definition of the different values of landscape. It distinguishes between use, existence (e.g. aesthetic) and intrinsic values. This exercise is not an end in itself, but is intended to establish a theoretical framework promoting a dialogue between these values and show how they complement each other. A precise understanding of the different landscape values contributes not only to the conceptualization of landscape as a commons, but also to a better understanding of real-life landscape conflicts. Drawing on the empirical example of the Lavaux UNESCO World Heritage Site in Switzerland, the article demonstrates that, in practice, landscape conservation projects that avoid deadlock succeed in striking a balance between the three conceptions of landscape value.Keywords: Conflicts, existence value, intrinsic value, landscape commons, phenomenology, use value From landscape resources to landscape commons 709 Acknowledgements: The authors thank Susan Cox for her help in the translation and editing of the manuscript. The authors also acknowledge the detailed and constructive comments of three anonymous reviewers.

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Section: Discussion -Landscape As a Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From landscape resources to landscape commons: focussing on the non-utility values of landscape

Gerber

Heß

2017

International Journal of the Commons

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“…Incorporating such power dynamics into our framework of approaches to institutional change would be a worthy consideration. Kashwan (2016) observes that the role that intra-community power differences play in explaining higher than expected levels of cooperation -and hence, in the solving of A&P dilemmasconstitutes an important puzzle in institutional analysis. We second that, and would add that the same goes for the role of power asymmetries in the relation between communities and external actors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniting forest and livelihood outcomes? Analyzing external actor interventions in sustainable livelihoods in a community forest management context

et al. 2017

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External actor interventions in community forest management (CFM) attempt to support communities with developing forest institutions and/ or improving their livelihoods portfolio. Common pool resource (CPR) scholars Uniting forest and livelihood outcomes? 533 argue that forest institutions are required to prevent overharvesting of the forest resource stock (appropriation dilemma), and to encourage investment in its maintenance (provision dilemma). The sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) has been widely used to analyse the influence of interventions on rural livelihoods portfolios. As interventions in CFM span the academic divide between CPR and SLA literatures, analysis of such interventions through either a CPR or SLA lens risks overlooking intervention activities, significant outcomes of the intervention, and the interplay between these outcomes. We propose here an analytical framework which combines CPR and SLA insights and ascertain its applicability by analysing interventions in a forest dependent community in Andhra Pradesh, India. We developed multiple indicators to measure the community's ability to deal with appropriation and provision dilemmas, and their livelihoods portfolio. Using data from forest plots, household questionnaires, focus group meetings and interviews, we analysed the intervention approaches, activities and outcomes. Our results show that a community's ability to deal with appropriation and provision dilemmas both affects, and is affected by its livelihoods portfolio. These intricate and dynamic interplays strongly influence the direct and indirect outcomes of intervention activities. Incorporating the synergy between the CPR and SLA perspectives in our analytical framework led us to a much more nuanced understanding of intervention approaches, activities and outcomes than would have otherwise been gained from a single perspective framework.Keywords: Common pool resources, community forestry, India, interventions, rural development, sustainable livelihoods Acknowledgements: We are extremely grateful to all the community members in East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh for sharing their experiences with us, logistical support and hospitality. We also greatly appreciate the time and patience shown by the external actors at the heart of this research whose honest responses to our questions enabled us to gain valuable insights into their daily work. We thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions.

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“…For instance, Kashwan (2016) discusses how power asymmetries limit weak actors from challenging unfair rules in one action arena so that leaders do not enforce additional costs in other institutional arenas. Going along with such rules allows the poor to benefit from other village institutions (Kashwan 2016) and accumulate social and symbolic capital (Kumar 2002;Cochran and Ray 2009). Such arrangements can produce inequitable social outcomes, but lead to positive evironmental outcomes (Agrawal 2001;Lele et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We draw upon the concept of network of adjacent action situations (NAAS) (McGinnis 2011) and inter-linked action arenas (Kashwan 2016), i.e. two action situations that are adjacent to each other where the outcomes from one action situation determine the rules of interaction that occur within the other action situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…two action situations that are adjacent to each other where the outcomes from one action situation determine the rules of interaction that occur within the other action situation. Building on Cochran and Ray (2009) and Kashwan (2016), who examine reasons and incentives for the less powerful to contribute in inequitable action arenas, we focus on the effects of caste from one action arena that spill over onto another action arena that has supposedly muted caste to promote collective action. We demonstrate that even under conditions that promote successful collective action, caste lingers to reproduce and maintain relations of inequality despite the muting of caste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The muting and unmuting of caste across inter-linked action arenas: inequality and collective action in a community-based watershed group

Mudliar

Koontz

2018

International Journal of the Commons

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Governing the commons in the face of socio-cultural heterogeneity is a challenge for academicians and practitioners alike. Some studies find that socio-cultural heterogeneity has a negative, a positive, or a non-linear relationship with collective action. Another set of studies finds that institutions can mediate the effects of heterogeneity that influence collective action for improving natural resource conditions. We build on the second set of studies to identify the underlying conditions under which these institutions promote successful collective action in a socio-culturally heterogeneous group with two different castes. Our case study suggests that under conditions that create equity, accountability, symbolic capital, and member capabilities, institutions can promote successful collective action. By using the concept of interlinked action arenas, we also show that although the community-based watershed group chose to mute caste in one action arena for the purposes of collective action, outside of this action arena, caste-related norms of untouchability are actively practiced. Group members have to continually switch between the muting and unmuting of caste from one action arena to another action arena, which continues to produce, reproduce, and maintain power asymmetries between members of both castes.

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Integrating power in institutional analysis: A micro-foundation perspective

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

From landscape resources to landscape commons: focussing on the non-utility values of landscape

From landscape resources to landscape commons: focussing on the non-utility values of landscape

Uniting forest and livelihood outcomes? Analyzing external actor interventions in sustainable livelihoods in a community forest management context

The muting and unmuting of caste across inter-linked action arenas: inequality and collective action in a community-based watershed group

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