Integrating palynological and geochemical data in a new approach to palaeoecological studies: Upper Cretaceous of the Banterwick Barn Chalk borehole, Berkshire, UK

Pearce, Martin A.; Jarvis, Ian; Swan, Andrew; Murphy, Amanda; Tocher, Bruce A.; Edmunds, W.M.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8398(02)00132-9

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In Europe, the taxon ranges from lower or basal middle Turonian to lower Santonian (e.g. Foucher 1980Foucher , 1981Foucher , 1983Jarvis et al 1988;Costa & Davey 1992;Fitzpatrick 1995;Pearce et al 2003). The paucity of specimens in the KWIS Turonian renders its range base of limited practical use in biostratigraphical correlation between sections.…”

Section: Base Heterosphaeridium Difficile (4252 M;mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is common in Coniacian, Santonian and Lower Campanian deposits in southern England (Prince et al 1999(Prince et al , 2008. Pearce et al (2003Pearce et al ( , 2011 and Olde et al (2015a) differentiated a related species by a thicker endophragm, Senoniasphaera turonica, and indicated that S. turonica is the more common morphotype in the Turonian of northwest Europe while specimens close to the holotype of S. rotundata (Clarke & Verdier 1967, pl. 14, fig.…”

Section: Base Consistent Senoniasphaera Turonicamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) at the Lozier Canyon outcrop reference section, west Texas, USA

Dodsworth¹

2015

Palynology

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This study describes the detailed palynology of the Eagle Ford Group at Lozier Canyon, its principal outcrop reference section in west Texas. Prominent marine phytoplankton assemblages are consistent with a proposed depositional setting for Lozier Canyon on a submarine platform within the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (KWIS) of the USA. The Lower Eagle Ford Formation (middle to upper Cenomanian) was deposited under restricted marine conditions with oxygen-deficient, probably anoxic bottom waters, as indicated by the black, organic-rich (ca. 1 to > 6% total organic carbon) shale lithology. The formation comprises two fourth-order stratigraphical sequences, each showing sedimentary evidence of increasing water depth during deposition. Palynomorph assemblages from the sequences are dominated by green algal prasinophyte phycomata in the lower parts and peridinioid dinoflagellate cysts in the upper parts. The productivity of these marine phytoplankton groups may have been stimulated by availability of ammonium (prasinophytes) and nitrite (peridinioids) from upwelling, or vertical expansion of the oxygen-minimum zone. The transition from prasinophyte-to peridinioid-dominated assemblages may reflect elevation of the photic zone to a level less regularly encroached by deeper, ammonium-enriched waters of the denitrification zone. The overlying Upper Eagle Ford Formation (upper Cenomanian to upper Turonian or Coniacian) was deposited under deeper, relatively open marine conditions, as indicated by a decrease in organic carbon content and an increase in carbonate content. This is supported by the presence of diversified dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, including inter-regional (high-to mid-latitude) marker events; in the upper Cenomanian, base and acme Cyclonephelium compactum-membraniphorum, top consistent and frequent Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum, and top Adnatosphaeridium tutulosum; in the middle to upper Turonian, range bases of Heterosphaeridium difficile and Senoniasphaera rotundata. The stratigraphical resolution offered by palynology indicates potential application to wellsite 'geosteering' of commercial shale oil and shale gas wells drilled in the Eagle Ford Group.

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Section: Base Heterosphaeridium Difficile (4252 M;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Base Consistent Senoniasphaera Turonicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) at the Lozier Canyon outcrop reference section, west Texas, USA

Dodsworth¹

2015

Palynology

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“…1998;Pearce et al 2003) on the borehole. Carbonand oxygen-isotope curves for the succession were presented in Murphy, Jarvis & Edmunds (1997) and Pearce et al (2003). These data were used in the present study.…”

Section: F Banterwick Barn Berkshire (Turonian-coniacian)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

et al. 2006

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-Carbon stable-isotope variation through the Cenomanian-Santonian stages is characterized using data for 1769 bulk pelagic carbonate samples collected from seven Chalk successions in England. The sections show consistent stratigraphic trends and δ 13 C values that provide a basis for highresolution correlation. Positive and negative δ 13 C excursions and inflection points on the isotope profiles are used to define 72 isotope events. Key markers are provided by positive δ 13 C excursions of up to + 2 ‰: the Albian/Cenomanian Boundary Event; Mid-Cenomanian Event I; the Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event; the Bridgewick, Hitch Wood and Navigation events of Late Turonian age; and the Santonian/Campanian Boundary Event. Isotope events are isochronous within a framework provided by macrofossil datum levels and bentonite horizons. An age-calibrated composite δ 13 C reference curve and an isotope event stratigraphy are constructed using data from the English Chalk. The isotope stratigraphy is applied to successions in Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Correlation with pelagic sections at Gubbio, central Italy, demonstrates general agreement between biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic criteria in the Cenomanian-Turonian stages, confirming established relationships between Tethyan planktonic foraminiferal and Boreal macrofossil biozonations. Correlation of the Coniacian-Santonian stages is less clear cut: magnetostratigraphic evidence for placing the base of Chron 33r near the base of the Upper Santonian is in good agreement with the carbon-isotope correlation, but generates significant anomalies regarding the placement of the Santonian and Campanian stage boundaries with respect to Tethyan planktonic foraminiferal and nannofossil zones. Isotope stratigraphy offers a more reliable criterion for detailed correlation of Cenomanian-Santonian strata than biostratigraphy. With the addition of Campanian δ 13 C data from one of the English sections, a composite Cenomanian-Campanian age-calibrated reference curve is presented that can be utilized in future chemostratigraphic studies.The Cenomanian-Campanian carbon-isotope curve is remarkably similar in shape to supposedly eustatic sea-level curves: increasing δ 13 C values accompanying sea-level rise associated with transgression, and falling δ 13 C values characterizing sea-level fall and regression. The correlation between carbon isotopes and sea-level is explained by variations in epicontinental sea area affecting organic-matter burial fluxes: increasing shallow sea-floor area and increased accommodation space accompanying sea-level rise allowed more efficient burial of marine organic matter, with the preferential removal of 12 C from the marine carbon reservoir. During sea-level fall, reduced seafloor area, marine erosion of previously deposited sediments, and exposure of basin margins led to reduced organiccarbon burial fluxes and oxidation of previously deposited organic matter, causing falling δ 13 C values. Additionally, drowning of carbonate platforms during...

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“…Marker 'C' in part corresponds with the 'marker marls' of Woods and Aldiss (2004) and Woods (2006, fig. 7), the highest of these low resistivity inflections probably representing the Round Down Marl of Robinson (1986) (= Malling Street Marl of Mortimore (1986); Mortimore et al, 2001, p. 314) (Pearce et al, 2003). North-eastwards into East Anglia, marker 'C' becomes difficult to trace (Figs 3,5), and the succession below the Pilgrims' Walk Marl contains the Methwold and Denton Lodge marls (Ward et al, 1968, fig.…”

Section: Borehole Geophysical Log Correlation Across the Transitionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing deep structural influences on the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of East Anglia (UK) through inter-regional geophysical log correlations

Woods

Chacksfield

2012

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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New borehole geophysical log interpretations between Wiltshire and north Norfolk show detailed lateral changes in the spatial relationships of Chalk Group marker beds. They show how marker beds in the Turonian and Coniacian Chalk Group in East Anglia pass laterally into their correlatives further west, and reveal unusual lateral thickness changes affecting stratigraphical intervals in the East Anglian succession. Newly enhanced regional gravity and magnetic data indicate that these thickness changes are probably related to WNW to ESE trending structural lineaments in the Palaeozoic basement rocks of the buried Anglo-Brabant Massif.The later part of the Mid Turonian and early part of the Late Turonian succession across East Anglia is greatly thickened, and shows almost no lateral variability. These relatively soft, smooth-textured chalks equate with thinner, hard, nodular beds formed in both shallow marine and deeper basinal settings elsewhere in southern England. Since it seems unlikely that there was greater sediment accommodation space across East Anglia at this time compared to basinal areas, this thickening may reflect a localised coccoliths productivity pulse, or perhaps a sheltered palaeogeographical position that protected the area from sediment-winnowing marine currents.A residual gravity low across north Norfolk, previously interpreted as a granite pluton, may instead represent two elongated (?fault-bounded) sedimentary basins.

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Integrating palynological and geochemical data in a new approach to palaeoecological studies: Upper Cretaceous of the Banterwick Barn Chalk borehole, Berkshire, UK

Cited by 75 publications

References 66 publications

Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) at the Lozier Canyon outcrop reference section, west Texas, USA

Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) at the Lozier Canyon outcrop reference section, west Texas, USA

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

Revealing deep structural influences on the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of East Anglia (UK) through inter-regional geophysical log correlations

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Integrating palynological and geochemical data in a new approach to palaeoecological studies: Upper Cretaceous of the Banterwick Barn Chalk borehole, Berkshire, UK

Cited by 75 publications

References 66 publications

Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) at the Lozier Canyon outcrop reference section, west Texas, USA

Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) at the Lozier Canyon outcrop reference section, west Texas, USA

Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ13C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)

Revealing deep structural influences on the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of East Anglia (UK) through inter-regional geophysical log correlations

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Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ¹³C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian–Campanian (99.6–70.6 Ma)