Integrating oxidative ecology into conservation physiology

Beaulieu, Michaël; Thierry, Anne-Mathilde; González‐Acuña, Daniel; Polito, Michael J.

doi:10.1093/conphys/cot004

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, much attention has been given to the role of redox chemistry in the context of life-history theory (Metcalfe and Alonso-Alvarez, 2010;Speakman et al, 2015), with growing interest in the study of oxidative stress in an ecological context (i.e. oxidative ecology; Beaulieu et al, 2013). Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants (Sies, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though this is not a measure of oxidative damage, it provides a measurement of the occurrence of oxidative stress (Jones, 2006;Sohal and Orr, 2012). ROS production and an animal's capacity to fight oxidative stress vary depending on developmental stage, ecological conditions and life-history strategy, making the study of oxidative stress, in an ecological context, highly relevant (reviewed in Metcalfe and Alonso-Alvarez, 2010;Beaulieu et al, 2013;Costantini et al, 2008a,b;Trivelpiece et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term and long-term effects of transient exogenous cortisol manipulation on oxidative stress in juvenile brown trout

Birnie‐Gauvin

Peiman

Larsen

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In the wild, animals are exposed to a growing number of stressors with increasing frequency and intensity, as a result of human activities and human-induced environmental change. To fully understand how wild organisms are affected by stressors, it is crucial to understand the physiology that underlies an organism's response to a stressor. Prolonged levels of elevated glucocorticoids are associated with a state of chronic stress and decreased fitness. Exogenous glucocorticoid manipulation reduces an individual's ability to forage, avoid predators and grow, thereby limiting the resources available for physiological functions like defence against oxidative stress. Using brown trout (Salmo trutta), we evaluated the short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (4 months over winter) effects of exogenous cortisol manipulations (versus relevant shams and controls) on the oxidative status of wild juveniles. Cortisol caused an increase in glutathione over a 2 week period and appeared to reduce glutathione over winter. Cortisol treatment did not affect oxidative stress levels or low molecular weight antioxidants. Cortisol caused a significant decrease in growth rates but did not affect predation risk. Over-winter survival in the stream was associated with low levels of oxidative stress and glutathione. Thus, oxidative stress may be a mechanism by which elevated cortisol causes negative physiological effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term and long-term effects of transient exogenous cortisol manipulation on oxidative stress in juvenile brown trout

Birnie‐Gauvin

Peiman

Larsen

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Both penguin species are listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN (Beaulieu et al 2015, D'Amico et al 2016, IUCN 2016), though they demonstrate contrasting demographic trends within different regions of Antarctica (Beaulieu et al 2013).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress As a Population Health Indicator In Antarctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the use of oxidative stress markers to estimate population health of animal populations has shown great promise for conservation (Beaulieu et al 2013, Beaulieu & Constantini 2014. Populations with poor antioxidant defenses may decline under environmental conditions where pro-oxidants are favored (Noguera et al 2012, Beaulieu et al 2013).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress As a Population Health Indicator In Antarctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation physiology can inform threat assessment and recovery planning processes for threatened species

Birnie‐Gauvin¹,

Walton²,

Palme³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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Conservation physiology has emerged as a discipline with many success stories. Yet, it is unclear how it is currently integrated into the activities of the IUCN and other bodies which undertake international, national, or regional species threat assessments and work with partners to develop recovery plans. Here we argue that conservation physiology has much to offer for the threat assessment process and we outline the ways in which this can be operationalized. For instance, conservation physiology is effective in revealing causal relationships and mechanisms that explain observed patterns, such as population declines. Identifying the causes of population declines is a necessary precursor to the design of actions to reverse or mitigate such threats. Conservation physiology can also identify complex interactions and support modeling activities that consider emerging threats. When a population or species is deemed threatened and recovery plans are needed, physiology can be used to predict how organisms will respond to the conservation intervention and future threats. For example, if a recovery plan was focused on translocation, understanding how to safely translocate organisms would be necessary, as would ensuring that the recipient habitat provides the necessary environmental characteristics to meet the fundamental physiological needs/tolerances of that organism. Our hope is that this paper will clarify ways in which physiological data can make an important contribution to the conservation activities of bodies like the IUCN that are engaged in threat assessment and recovery of endangered organisms. Although we focus on activities at the international scale, these same concepts are relevant and applicable to national and regional bodies.

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“…Finally, a variety of different anthropogenic factors, including pesticides (Slaninova et al, 2009) and metals (Sevcikova et al, 2011), can also influence the oxidative status of fish. In summary, it is clear that oxidative stress plays a role in the ecology of wild animals and, as a result, there has been increasing interest in understanding this 'oxidative ecology' (Beaulieu et al, 2013), particularly during challenging life-history periods such as reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative ecology of paternal care in wild smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu

Elmer

O’Connor

Philipp

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Physiologically, oxidative stress is considered a homeostatic imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and absorption. From an ecological perspective, oxidative stress may serve as an important constraint to life-history traits, such as lifespan, reproduction and the immune system, and is gaining interest as a potential mechanism underlying life-history trade-offs. Of late, there has been much interest in understanding the role of oxidative stress in the ecology of wild animals, particularly during challenging periods such as reproduction. Here, we used a long-term study population of a fish with sole-male parental care, the smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, to examine the associations among oxidative stress indicators and life-history variables in nest-guarding males. In addition, we investigated the potential role of oxidative stress as a physiological mediator of the life-history trade-off decision of paternal smallmouth bass to stay with or abandon their brood. We found that oxidative stress was significantly related to the life history of paternal smallmouth bass, such that older, larger fish with greater reproductive experience and larger broods nesting in cooler water temperatures had lower levels of oxidative stress. However, we found no significant correlation between oxidative stress and nesting success, suggesting that oxidative stress may not be involved in the decision of male smallmouth bass to abandon their brood. Wild fish have been relatively understudied in the emerging field of oxidative ecology, and this study makes noteworthy contributions by revealing interesting connections between the life histories of paternal smallmouth bass and their oxidative status.

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Integrating oxidative ecology into conservation physiology

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Short-term and long-term effects of transient exogenous cortisol manipulation on oxidative stress in juvenile brown trout

Short-term and long-term effects of transient exogenous cortisol manipulation on oxidative stress in juvenile brown trout

Conservation physiology can inform threat assessment and recovery planning processes for threatened species

Oxidative ecology of paternal care in wild smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu

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