Integrating NTD Mapping Protocols: Can Surveys for Trachoma and Urinary Schistosomiasis Be Done Simultaneously?

King, Jonathan D.; Eigege, Abel; Richards, Frank O.; Jip, Nimzing; Umaru, John; Deming, Michael S.; Miri, Emmanuel S.; McFarland, Deborah A.; Emerson, Paul M.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0236

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…With the recent increased interest in NTDs, there is a real need for an integrated mapping approach that can provide district level data in a timely manner [9], [18], [19]. In developing this ITM methodology, we sought to balance epidemiologic rigour with field practicality, resulting in an approach that can be used only for determining where public health interventions are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, there is a need for feasible and practical protocols that can be implemented by Ministries of Health and whose results are accepted by WHO and drug donation programs. Because NTDs tend to overlap in geographic areas, it is logical that an integrated approach to mapping NTDs might result in more efficient identification of populations needing treatment [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Field-Testing of a Novel Integrated Mapping Protocol for Neglected Tropical Diseases

et al. 2011

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BackgroundVertical control and elimination programs focused on specific neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can achieve notable success by reducing the prevalence and intensity of infection. However, many NTD-endemic countries have not been able to launch or scale-up programs because they lack the necessary baseline data for planning and advocacy. Each NTD program has its own mapping guidelines to collect missing data. Where geographic overlap among NTDs exists, an integrated mapping approach could result in significant resource savings. We developed and field-tested an innovative integrated NTD mapping protocol (Integrated Threshold Mapping (ITM) Methodology) for lymphatic filariasis (LF), trachoma, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STH).Methodology/Principal FindingsThe protocol is designed to be resource-efficient, and its specific purpose is to determine whether a threshold to trigger public health interventions in an implementation unit has been attained. The protocol relies on World Health Organization (WHO) recommended indicators in the disease-specific age groups. For each disease, the sampling frame was the district, but for schistosomiasis, the sub-district rather than the ecological zone was used. We tested the protocol by comparing it to current WHO mapping methodologies for each of the targeted diseases in one district each in Mali and Senegal. Results were compared in terms of public health intervention, and feasibility, including cost. In this study, the ITM methodology reached the same conclusions as the WHO methodologies regarding the initiation of public health interventions for trachoma, LF and STH, but resulted in more targeted intervention recommendations for schistosomiasis. ITM was practical, feasible and demonstrated an overall cost saving compared with the standard, non-integrated, WHO methodologies.Conclusions/SignificanceThis integrated mapping tool could facilitate the implementation of much-needed programs in endemic countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Field-Testing of a Novel Integrated Mapping Protocol for Neglected Tropical Diseases

et al. 2011

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“…By the same guidelines, community assessment and community-based interventions may be warranted in the remaining 23 LGAs. Community prevalence of TF in eight of these LGAs was assessed by visiting and examining children in schools 9. School surveys were valuable given the high attendance rate in these states and may be used to identify trachoma endemic communities in the remaining 15 LGAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping trachoma in Nasarawa and Plateau States, central Nigeria

King

Jip

Jugu

et al. 2009

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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LGA-wide trachoma control interventions are warranted in seven LGAs targeting: 5409 persons for surgery to correct trichiasis, 778 698 persons to receive at least three rounds of mass antibiotic distribution, 855 villages in which to promote face-washing and sanitation, and 102 751 households for latrine construction. These mapping surveys demonstrate an example of evidence-based programme planning necessary for measuring progress towards achieving the GET 2020 objective and can be replicated in other areas yet to be mapped for trachoma.

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“…Plateau and Nasarawa states are located in northcentral Nigeria, where both S. hematobium and S. mansoni are endemic with heterogeneous levels of prevalence that have been reported in previous publications. 3,4 Mass treatment of all SAC with PZQ (40 mg/kg orally, single dose) in these two states was started in 2008 after a study by Gutman and others 3 that showed that the presumptive treatment of SAC was less costly than assessing the entire area for S. haematobium (using urinary dipstick) and S. mansoni (using Kato stool examinations). Although this approach has reduced costs and provided treatment to all SAC, it goes against the WHO guidelines by not assessing the prevalence in all areas, and it inherently excludes the treatment of adults, because the 50% threshold is never determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the WHO 50% Prevalence Threshold in School-Aged Children as Indication for Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Adults in Central Nigeria

Evans

King²,

Eigege³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is recommended in adults by the World Health Organization when prevalence of schistosomiasis in school-aged children (SAC) is 50%. This study ascertained the value of this threshold in predicting prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma hematobium (SH) infection in adults in central Nigeria. We evaluated urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence in 1,164 adults: 659 adults in 12 communities where mean hematuria among SAC in 2008 was 26.6% and 505 adults in 7 communities where the mean hematuria among SAC in 2008 was 70.4%. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups of adults in prevalence of hematuria, prevalence of SH eggs, or intensity of infections. We conclude that, in this setting, the SAC threshold is not useful for treatment decisions in adults. Given the increased risk of subtle morbidity or urogenital schistosomiasis as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more liberal treatment of adults with praziquantel is warranted.

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Integrating NTD Mapping Protocols: Can Surveys for Trachoma and Urinary Schistosomiasis Be Done Simultaneously?

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

The Field-Testing of a Novel Integrated Mapping Protocol for Neglected Tropical Diseases

The Field-Testing of a Novel Integrated Mapping Protocol for Neglected Tropical Diseases

Mapping trachoma in Nasarawa and Plateau States, central Nigeria

Assessing the WHO 50% Prevalence Threshold in School-Aged Children as Indication for Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Adults in Central Nigeria

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