Integrating Multiple Sources to Reconstruct the Pre- and Early Postcolonial Forests of the Chesapeake: 1588–1838

Briand, Christopher H.; Folkoff, Michael E.

doi:10.1007/s10745-019-0058-7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Using a mixed-methods approach to evaluating the writings of multiple 18 th century Naturalists provided an effective means for capturing a broad view of the North American landscape during this time period when substantial shifts in disturbance regimes and the introduction of many new species was taking place. While other proxy records used to reconstruct historical vegetation during this time period, e.g., witness and bearing trees recorded in land surveys or tree-ring widths from archeological samples (Copenheaver et al 2017;Briand and Folkoff 2019), are fairly effective at capturing forest composition and structure, the 18 th century naturalists provided detailed observational information about herbaceous species and agricultural crops, which provides a more thorough representation of the landscape and the relationship between humans and plants. Our unique application of mixed methods when examining these historical documents provides a nice complement to many of the quantitative studies completed by other researchers (Mack 2001(Mack , 2003 and provided new perspectives and insights to the data contained within these historical documents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-native plants observed in North America by 18^th century naturalists

et al. 2023

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Writings of 18th century naturalists provide a rich description of the flora, agricultural practices, and ecological and cultural landscape during the migration of large numbers of European and African peoples to North America. We employed a mixed methods approach to: 1) compare the percentages of non-native vs. native plant species recorded by the naturalists; 2) quantify the relative frequency of non-native plant species across eastern North America; and 3) qualitatively evaluate descriptions of non-native plants. The writings from nine naturalists in the 1700s document the introduction and establishment of many non-native plants across the North America. Higher proportions of non-native plant species were reported by naturalists who spent more time in densely populated human settlements. Agricultural crops had the highest relative frequencies for non-native plants in the 18th century. Non-native plants were described as being used during daily activities by humans, undergoing cultivation, growing abundantly on the landscape, and having weedy growth characteristics. Several of the non-native plants observed in the 1700s have subsequently developed into invasive species, which threaten the conservation of native North American flora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-native plants observed in North America by 18^th century naturalists

et al. 2023

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“…In the model, changes in forest cover and impervious surfaces drive changes in discharge through time. The extent of forest cover in the mid-Atlantic region has been recreated from historical sources, pollen analyses, and remote-sensing data (Benitez & Fisher, 2004;Besley, 1916;Briand & Folkoff, 2019;Brush, 2001;Maryland Hydrology Panel, 2010) and a regional synthesis of these data has been presented by Sprague et al (2006) and Kays (2014), which has been adopted here. Prior to European colonization ∼1750, forest cover was nearly complete, and is set at a nominal constant value of 95% (Figure 6).…”

Section: Land Use Through Timementioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for Mid‐Holocene—Present U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Piedmont River Corridor Sediment Budgets Fit to Stratigraphic Data

Pizzuto

2023

JGR Earth Surface

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Fluvial sediment transport and deposition shapes river, floodplain, and estuarine systems but also can create water quality problems, which in some cases motivates efforts to reduce hillslope erosion. However, watershed management efforts rarely consider the fate of eroded sediments and the time scale of transport to estuaries. This study presents a modeling approach to estimate regionally averaged floodplain deposition, erosion, and sediment flux for the mid‐Atlantic U.S. caused by changing forest cover, urban development, and milldam construction. Regional regression equations estimate discharge at 3‐month intervals, and (temporally invariant) channel width and slope. Sediment concentrations are determined from a rating curve (defined for modern conditions by gaging‐station data). Tuning the model to floodplain stratigraphic data suggests that‐sediment concentrations prior to European colonization (i.e., before ∼1750) were 5%–8% of those prevailing today, while legacy (1750–1950) sediment concentrations were 25%–35% of present values. The calibration process, however, is only partly successful for the period before 1750 due to the limited number of older dated samples available. Nonetheless, the model accurately reproduces the observed age distribution of floodplain deposits. Computed sediment‐budget components increase monotonically from before 1750 to the present, and the ratio of budget components remains similar from one time period to the next. The model also predicts that millennial timescales are needed for mid‐Atlantic floodplains to equilibrate following a change in sediment regime, a finding with important implications for river corridor and watershed restoration planning.

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“…Witness tree data have been compiled and analyzed for much of the northern half of the eastern United States (Cogbill 2000). One exception to this is the state of Maryland, where only one witness tree paper from the Eastern Shore has been published (Briand and Folkoff 2019). No witness tree data have been compiled for the mountainous regions of western Maryland and none exist on historical databases, such as PalEON (http://paleonproject.org/).…”

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confidence: 99%

A comparison of witness tree and contemporary compositions for old-growth forests at Savage Mountain, Maryland, and secondary forests of the northern Allegheny Mountains1

Abrams

Hanberry

Ruffner

2022

The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

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Integrating Multiple Sources to Reconstruct the Pre- and Early Postcolonial Forests of the Chesapeake: 1588–1838

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Non-native plants observed in North America by 18^th century naturalists

Non-native plants observed in North America by 18^th century naturalists

A Model for Mid‐Holocene—Present U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Piedmont River Corridor Sediment Budgets Fit to Stratigraphic Data

A comparison of witness tree and contemporary compositions for old-growth forests at Savage Mountain, Maryland, and secondary forests of the northern Allegheny Mountains1

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Integrating Multiple Sources to Reconstruct the Pre- and Early Postcolonial Forests of the Chesapeake: 1588–1838

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Non-native plants observed in North America by 18th century naturalists

Non-native plants observed in North America by 18th century naturalists

A Model for Mid‐Holocene—Present U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Piedmont River Corridor Sediment Budgets Fit to Stratigraphic Data

A comparison of witness tree and contemporary compositions for old-growth forests at Savage Mountain, Maryland, and secondary forests of the northern Allegheny Mountains1

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Non-native plants observed in North America by 18^th century naturalists

Non-native plants observed in North America by 18^th century naturalists