Integrating multiple perspectives on error-related brain activity: The ERN as a neural indicator of trait defensive reactivity

Weinberg, Anna; Riesel, Anja; Hajcak, Greg

doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9269-y

Cited by 218 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…It should be noted that enhanced error monitoring has not only been found in OCD but also in depression, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorder, as well as in nonclinical individuals showing associated traits (10,36,37). These conditions characterized by overactive error monitoring are frequently comorbid (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This initiative tries to establish biologically meaningful dimensions of psychological dysfunction irrespective of disorder categories. Performance monitoring is a fundamental behavioral function, and its abnormalities at both ends of the distribution (i.e., enhancement and reduction) have been implicated in multiple forms of psychopathology (15,36). More specifically, overactive performance monitoring may be a transdiagnostic dimensional trait that is shared by individuals who are highly sensitive to the commission of errors (10,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

Riesel¹,

Endraß²,

Auerbach³

et al. 2015

AJP

Self Cite

106

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Objective: Overactive performance monitoring, as measured by the error-related negativity in the event-related brain potential, represents one of the most robust psychophysiological alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It has been proposed as an endophenotype for OCD because it is heritable and more prevalent in families of OCD patients. Consistent with this notion, it is also independent of symptom profile and symptom severity in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinally, it has been shown to be state independent in pediatric patients with OCD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the state dependency of error monitoring by examining adult OCD patients before and after symptom reduction through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).Method: Error-related and correct-related negativity as electrophysiological indicators of performance monitoring were recorded from 45 OCD patients and 39 healthy comparison subjects while performing a flanker task. Patients were assessed before starting and after completing a standard 30-session CBT, including exposure and response prevention, and healthy comparison subjects were tested after a comparable time interval.Results: Pretreatment, patients with OCD were characterized by enhanced error-related and correct-related negativity compared with healthy comparison subjects. This difference persisted after treatment when symptoms were substantially reduced. There was no significant correlation between symptom improvement and changes in performance monitoring and no difference in performance monitoring between treatment responders and nonresponders.Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study in adult OCD patients showing stability of enhanced error monitoring following successful symptom reduction through CBT. It supports the hypothesis that overactive performance monitoring is an endophenotype that indicates vulnerability for OCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

Riesel¹,

Endraß²,

Auerbach³

et al. 2015

AJP

Self Cite

106

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“…A significant body of research indicates that several psychopathologies (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder) are associated with increased neural reactivity to conflict (Cavanagh & Shackman, 2015;Moser et al, 2013;Weinberg et al, 2012)-an effect that is particularly associated with increased worry in these samples (Zambrano-Vazquez & Allen, 2014). However, these disorders are seldom…”

Section: Anxiety Acceptance and Improving Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suggesting that biases towards negative learning is facilitated by increasing the affective significance of conflict, increased depressive symptomatology has been associated with increased neural reactivity to negative feedback and enhanced negative learning (Cavanagh, Bismark, Frank, & Allen, 2011; analogous results have also observed under social evaluative stress, Cavanagh, Frank, & Allen, 2010). Thus, unlike studies of psychopathology observed in conflict control paradigms (cf., Weinberg et al, 2012), results from probabilistic learning suggest that stress and emotional reactivity alters the behavioural expression of reinforcement learning (however, see ZambranoVazquez & Allen, 2014).…”

Section: Negative Affect and Reinforcement Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emotive nature of conflict monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortex

Saunders

Lin

Milyavskaya

et al. 2017

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The detection of conflict between incompatible impulses, thoughts, and actions is a ubiquitous source of motivation across theories of goal-directed action. In this overview, we explore the hypothesis that conflict is emotive, integrating perspectives from affective science and cognitive neuroscience. Initially, we review evidence suggesting that the mental and biological processes that monitor for information processing conflict-particularly those generated by the anterior midcingulate cortex-track the affective significance of conflict and use this signal to motivate increased control. In this sense, variation in control resembles a form of affect regulation in which control implementation counteracts the aversive experience of conflict. We also highlight emerging evidence proposing that states and dispositions associated with acceptance facilitate control by tuning individuals to the emotive nature of conflict, before proposing avenues for future research, including investigating the role of affect in reinforcement learning and decision making.Keywords: emotion; cognitive control; motivation; event-related potentials; negative affect; medial prefrontal cortex;The Emotive Nature of Conflict 3 The emotive nature of conflict monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortexMonitoring performance for goal conflicting thoughts, feelings, and behaviours underlies flexible responding in complex, unpredictable environments. During smoking cessation, for example, quickly detecting impulses (e.g., the desire to smoke) or actions (e.g., picking up a cigarette) that conflict with the goal to quit can signal the need to control behaviour, safeguarding goal progress. Beyond unwanted temptations, conflict is evoked across diverse explanatory frameworks, ranging from high-level dissonant states that emerge when individual's hold multiple inconsistent ideologies, to seemingly lower-level conflicts that occur when stimulus dimensions cue mutually incompatible responses (e.g., Stroop conflict).Underscoring the theoretical ubiquity of conflict, detecting and overcoming some internal conflict or discord is fundamental to multiple seminal perspectives in western philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience (e.g

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“…The majority of this evidence comes from work examining factors that influence the magnitude of the error-related negativity (ERN; for a recent review, see Weinberg, Riesel, & Hajcak, 2012), an event-related brain potential reliably associated with error commission and source-localized to the dACC (Debener et al, 2005). Early on, Luu, Collins, and Tucker (2000) showed that during performance of a flanker task, the magnitude of the ERN was associated with individual differences in state and trait negative affect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phenomenology of Error Processing: The Dorsal ACC Response to Stop-signal Errors Tracks Reports of Negative Affect

Spunt

Lieberman

Cohen

et al. 2012

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

104

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Abstract■ A reliable observation in neuroimaging studies of cognitive control is the response of dorsal ACC (dACC) to events that demand increased cognitive control (e.g., response conflicts and performance errors). This observation is apparently at odds with a comparably reliable association of the dACC with the subjective experience of negative affective states such as pain, fear, and anxiety. Whereas "affective" associates of the dACC are based on studies that explicitly manipulate and/or measure the subjective experience of negative affect, the "cognitive" associates of dACC are based on studies using tasks designed to manipulate the demand for cognitive control, such as the Stroop, flanker, and stop-signal tasks. Critically, extant neuroimaging research has not systematically considered the extent to which these cognitive tasks induce negative affective experiences and, if so, to what extent negative affect can account for any variance in the dACC response during task performance. While undergoing fMRI, participants in this study performed a stop-signal task while regularly reporting their experience of performance on several dimensions. We observed that within-subject variability in the dACC response to stop-signal errors tracked changes in subjective frustration throughout task performance. This association remained when controlling for within-subject variability in subjective reports of cognitive engagement and several performance-related variables indexing task difficulty. These results fit with existing models characterizing the dACC as a hub for monitoring ongoing behavior and motivating adjustments when necessary and further emphasize that such a function may be linked to the subjective experience of negative affect. ■

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Integrating multiple perspectives on error-related brain activity: The ERN as a neural indicator of trait defensive reactivity

Cited by 218 publications

References 205 publications

Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

The emotive nature of conflict monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortex

The Phenomenology of Error Processing: The Dorsal ACC Response to Stop-signal Errors Tracks Reports of Negative Affect

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