Integrating Highly Porous and Flexible Au Hydrogels with Soft-MEMS Technologies for High-Performance Wearable Biosensing

Abstract

Wearable biosensors for real-time and non-invasive detection of biomarkers are of importance in early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Herein, a high-performance wearable biosensing platform was proposed by combining a three-dimensional hierarchical porous Au hydrogel-enzyme electrode with high biocompatibility, activity, and flexibility and soft-MEMS technologies with high precision and capability of mass production. Using glucose oxidase as the model enzyme, the glucose sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 10.51 μA mM −1 cm −2 , a long durability over 15 days, and a good selectivity. Under the mechanical deformation (0 to 90°), it is able to maintain an almost constant performance with a low deviation of <1.84%. With the assistance of a wireless or a Bluetooth module, this wearable sensing platform achieves realtime and non-invasive glucose monitoring on human skins. Similarly, continuous lactic acid monitoring was also realized with lactate oxidase immobilized on the same sensing platform, further verifying the universality of this sensing platform. Therefore, our work holds promise to provide a universal, high-performance wearable biosensing platform for various biomarkers in sweat and reliable diagnostic information for health management.

Ultrasmall Gold Nanoclusters‐Enabled Fabrication of Ultrafine Gold Aerogels as Novel Self‐Supported Nanozymes

“…As an emerging new class of aerogel materials, metallic aerogels well retain merits of both metals and aerogels, exhibiting many attractive features, including abundant porous structures, ultralow density, metallic backbone, and self‐supportability. [ 1–3 ] Consequently, metal aerogels have been widely exploited for application in diverse fields such as catalysis, [ 4,5 ] sensing, [ 6,7 ] and actuation. [ 8 ] With the rapid advances in recent years, researchers have developed various strategies for fabricating metal aerogels, which can be classified into one‐step strategy and two‐step strategy depending on the type of employed “precursors”.…”

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Consequently, metal aerogels have been widely exploited for application in diverse fields such as catalysis, [4,5] sensing, [6,7] and actuation. [8] With the rapid advances in recent years, researchers have developed various strategies for fabricating metal aerogels, which can be classified into one-step strategy and two-step strategy depending on the type of employed "precursors".

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A Portable Sweat Sensor Based on Carbon Quantum Dots for Multiplex Detection of Cardiovascular Health Biomarkers

“…15 exhibited excellent sensitivity and long durability. 16 Carbon nanotubes were utilized as sensing fiber cores in yarn-based electrochemical sensors by Zhang and coworkers, which led to remarkable sensitivity in detecting inorganic ions in sweat. 17 As a rich bioanalyte noninvasive biological fluid, sweat remains scarcely investigated in indexing cardiovascular health, especially through multimodal biomarker detection.…”

“…As an effective method, nanomaterials have been utilized as sensing electrodes or reactive sites to improve sensitivity and stability . For instance, Wen and coworkers developed gold nanoparticle-based hydrogels as glucose oxidase carriers to detect glucose in sweat, which exhibited excellent sensitivity and long durability . Carbon nanotubes were utilized as sensing fiber cores in yarn-based electrochemical sensors by Zhang and coworkers, which led to remarkable sensitivity in detecting inorganic ions in sweat …”

Electrochemical Microfluidic Multiplexed Bioanalysis by a Highly Active Bottlebrush-like Nanocarbon Microelectrode

“…1−3 Among the diverse types of detection mechanisms, electrochemical biosensors offer unique advantages in rapid processing and response, multiplexing capacity, flexible designs of molecular and cellular assays, and compatibility with miniaturized devices. 4,5 In particular, integration of electrochemical sensing systems and microfluidic devices has provided new opportunities for continuous in situ bioanalysis with reduced sample consumption in automated microbiochips. 6,7 The key to achieve high-performance electrochemical microchips lies in the development of electrode systems with large active surface areas, high catalytic activities, and good analytical performance.…”