Integrating Heat Training in the Rehabilitation Toolbox for the Injured Athlete

Ihsan, Mohammed; Périard, Julien D.; Racinais, Sébastien

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01488

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Following extensive work in rodents demonstrating beneficial effects of heat on skeletal muscle health and function, similar research in humans is emerging, with a variety of heat-based modalities able to offer either whole body or localized treatments. We limited the current investigation to commercially available heat-generating pads, given the relative ease of this modality can be used to target specific muscle groups and incorporated into rehabilitative programs (Ihsan et al 2019 ). The current study reports no beneficial effects following 6 weeks of heat therapy on gastrocnemius muscle oxidative or microvascular function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle oxidative adaptations following localized heat therapy

2023

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Repeated heat treatment has been shown to induce oxidative adaptations in cell cultures and rodents, but similar work within human models is scarce. This study investigated the effects of 6 weeks of localized heat therapy on near-infrared spectroscopy-(NIRS) derived indices of muscle oxidative and microvascular function. Twelve physically active participants (8 males and 4 females, age: 34.9 ± 5.9 years, stature: 175 ± 7 cm, body mass: 76.7 ± 13.3 kg) undertook a 6-week intervention, where adhesive heat pads were applied for 8 h/day, 5 days/week, on one calf of each participant, while the contralateral leg acted as control. Prior to and following the intervention, the microvascular function was assessed using NIRS-based methods, where 5 min of popliteal artery occlusion was applied, and the reperfusion (i.e., re-saturation rate, re-saturation amplitude, and hyperemic response) was monitored for 2 min upon release. Participants also performed a 1-min isometric contraction of the plantar flexors (30% maximal voluntary contraction), following which a further 2 min interval was undertaken for the assessment of recovery kinetics. A 20-min time interval was allowed before the assessment protocol was repeated on the contralateral leg. Repeated localized heating of the gastrocnemius did not influence any of the NIRS-derive indices of microvascular or oxidative function (p > 0.05) following 6 weeks of treatment. Our findings indicate that localized heating via the use of adhesive heat pads may not be a potent stimulus for muscle adaptations in physically active humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle oxidative adaptations following localized heat therapy

2023

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“…Heated resistance exercise is a promising therapeutic tool to preserve, regain, and increase strength across of lifespan, within clinical populations (e.g., sarcopenia, growth hormone deficiency, etc. ), and as a rehabilitation tool following injury (30). However, it is uncertain whether heat stress alone, without mechanical stimuli from resistance exercise or physical activity, elicits hypertrophy and neuromuscular enhancements in young fit individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Training in the Heat: Mechanisms of Hypertrophy and Performance Enhancement

Pryor,

Sweet,

Rosbrook

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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Pryor, JL, Sweet, D, Rosbrook, P, Qiao, J, Hess, HW, and Looney, DP. Resistance training in the heat: Mechanisms of hypertrophy and performance enhancement. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—The addition of heat stress to resistance exercise or heated resistance exercise (HRE) is growing in popularity as emerging evidence indicates altered neuromuscular function and an amplification of several mechanistic targets of protein synthesis. Studies demonstrating increased protein synthesis activity have shown temperature-dependent mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation, supplemental calcium release, augmented heat shock protein expression, and altered immune and hormone activity. These intriguing observations have largely stemmed from myotube, isolated muscle fiber, or rodent models using passive heating alone or in combination with immobilization or injury models. A growing number of translational studies in humans show comparable results employing local tissue or whole-body heat with and without resistance exercise. While few, these translational studies are immensely valuable as they are most applicable to sport and exercise. As such, this brief narrative review aims to discuss evidence primarily from human HRE studies detailing the neuromuscular, hormonal, and molecular responses to HRE and subsequent strength and hypertrophy adaptations. Much remains unknown in this exciting new area of inquiry from both a mechanistic and functional perspective warranting continued research.

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“…sauna, ice water immersion, etc. ), yet are used increasingly in clinical 3 , 5 , 6 , health 7 , 8 and athlete performance (e.g. heat acclimation/acclimatization 1 , 9 and rehabilitation 6 paradigms).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), yet are used increasingly in clinical 3 , 5 , 6 , health 7 , 8 and athlete performance (e.g. heat acclimation/acclimatization 1 , 9 and rehabilitation 6 paradigms). Although humans are remarkably tolerant to extremes of temperature through behavioural thermoregulation 10 , 11 and acute/chronic physiological 1 , 2 , biological 12 , 13 and psychological 14 , 15 responses/adaptations, if the thermoregulatory challenge becomes too great, changes in core temperature (Tc) of ~ ± 2.5 °C can lead to severe and potentially fatal health issues (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of environmental and core temperature on cyclooxygenase and PGE2 in healthy humans

Esh

Chrismas

Mauger

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Whether cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) thermoregulatory pathways, observed in rodents, present in humans? Participants (n = 9) were exposed to three environments; cold (20 °C), thermoneutral (30 °C) and hot (40 °C) for 120 min. Core (Tc)/skin temperature and thermal perception were recorded every 15 min, with COX/PGE2 concentrations determined at baseline, 60 and 120 min. Linear mixed models identified differences between and within subjects/conditions. Random coefficient models determined relationships between Tc and COX/PGE2. Tc [mean (range)] increased in hot [+ 0.8 (0.4–1.2) °C; p < 0.0001; effect size (ES): 2.9], decreased in cold [− 0.5 (− 0.8 to − 0.2) °C; p < 0.0001; ES 2.6] and was unchanged in thermoneutral [+ 0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.4) °C; p = 0.3502]. A relationship between COX2/PGE2 in cold (p = 0.0012) and cold/thermoneutral [collapsed, condition and time (p = 0.0243)] was seen, with higher PGE2 associated with higher Tc. A within condition relationship between Tc/PGE2 was observed in thermoneutral (p = 0.0202) and cold/thermoneutral [collapsed, condition and time (p = 0.0079)] but not cold (p = 0.0631). The data suggests a thermogenic response of the COX/PGE2 pathway insufficient to defend Tc in cold. Further human in vivo research which manipulates COX/PGE2 bioavailability and participant acclimation/acclimatization are warranted to elucidate the influence of COX/PGE2 on Tc.

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Integrating Heat Training in the Rehabilitation Toolbox for the Injured Athlete

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Skeletal muscle oxidative adaptations following localized heat therapy

Skeletal muscle oxidative adaptations following localized heat therapy

Resistance Training in the Heat: Mechanisms of Hypertrophy and Performance Enhancement

The influence of environmental and core temperature on cyclooxygenase and PGE2 in healthy humans

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