Integrating geomatics in archaeological research at the site of Thorikos (Greece)

Abstract

Archaeological excavation is a destructive process, making accurate, fast and efficient 3D documentation of information essential. With this in mind, our research uses an integrated workflow of topographic measurements and image-based 3D modelling to generate highly accurate reconstructions of archaeological features at the site of Thorikos, Greece. Topographic ground control points and images are acquired using a total station and consumer digital camera respectively, and processed in a highly automated workflow using Structure from Motion and Multiview Stereo reconstruction software. These models were generated on a daily basis in order to map the on-going of a field campaign at this archaeological site in 2012. Moreover, a management system is presented as a consultation and analysis application, enabling the interaction with the 3D models, accompanied with attribute data and metadata. For the efficiency of the management system it was essential to integrate the 3D models in a Harris matrix. This matrix functions as an intermediate between a graphical user interface and the database system. Additionally, two applications of these 3D models are presented, focussing on capacity calculations and in situ mapping (orthophoto mapping) of stone wall remains. The presented management system, the linking of 3D models with excavation data, and the use of 3D models as a scientific tool demonstrate the huge potential of 3D data for archaeological research.

Spatiotemporal data as the foundation of an archaeological stratigraphy extraction and management system

“…Therefore, an outline of the requirements of an archaeological stratigraphic management system is given, partly based on requirements listed by Traxler and Neubauer [6] and based on parameters of the evaluation of the system developed by Stal et al [12].…”

“…In turn, the system can function as a simplified variant of a 4D archaeological GIS. Furthermore, a dynamic overview map and linkage to an excavation database may facilitate the management of information while improving insights gained [12].…”

“…In taking into account intensifying time pressures, computer tools can assist in the timeefficient documentation of archaeological stratigraphy [2,3,12]. Tools that document archaeological stratigraphy have been created since the Harris Matrix was first developed in the 1970s [6,11,13,14].…”

“…An exception is the Harris Matrix Composer developed by Traxler and Neubauer [6], who created a GIS link to allow for the management of digital archaeological data for analysis. Another link between spatial information and the Harris Matrix can be found in the management system developed by Stal et al [12] for the Greek site of Thorikos. In this system, a static Harris Matrix constitutes an interaction link between user and management features including 3D reconstruction models, map interfaces and metadata [12].…”

“…Another link between spatial information and the Harris Matrix can be found in the management system developed by Stal et al [12] for the Greek site of Thorikos. In this system, a static Harris Matrix constitutes an interaction link between user and management features including 3D reconstruction models, map interfaces and metadata [12]. These two studies illustrate the advantages of using a combination of stratigraphic and spatial information.…”