Integrating Forecasting Service and Gen2 Blockchain Into a Local Energy Trading Platform to Promote Sustainability Goals

Ali, Liaqat; Azim, M. Imran; Ojha, Nabin Babu; Peters, Jan; Bhandari, Vivek; Menon, Anand; Green, Jemma; Muyeen, S. M.

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3347432

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The utilization of VB model serves multiple purposes within the energy management landscape, it is employed to aggregate capacity [8], and to facilitate frequency regulation [26] , while also serving as the foundation for management and planning tools [18], [27]. In comparison, the integration of battery storage systems (BSS) at both residential and community scales contributes to enhanced control flexibility and cost savings, as reported in [28]- [30]. Recent research endeavors have increasingly focused on exploring the integration of BSS with LEM and P2P systems, as in [28]- [32].…”

Section: Maximum Capacity Payback Control Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Reserved Capacity of Aggregated Electric Water Heaters Virtual Battery for Peak Management

Arafat,

Shokouhinejad,

Castillo Guerra

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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This paper introduces new insights into the integration of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) as hybrid energy sources for grid ancillary and demand response services. Leveraging a generalized virtual battery (VB) model emerges as an effective approach to determine maximum reserve capacity of these aggregated devices. Our research extends the VB model and endeavors to establish a pragmatic framework for EWH control for peak shaving and managing the payback effect. The importance of aggregator capacity in mitigating the impacts of TCL external control, such as customer comfort and safety, is emphasized. Electric water heaters (EWHs) are used as the residential TCL device given their extensive availability and thermal capacity. Two TCL control scenarios, OFF control and ON/OFF control are compared using the Model Predictive Control (MPC) method. The ON/OFF control was found to improve peak shaving capability by approximately 47% when compared to the more rudimentary OFF control mechanism. The main contributions of this study are threefold: assessment of maximum reserve capacity using a modified VB model, creation of a reference control signal based on this result, and development of effective control strategies for managing the payback effect when maximal reserves are utilized. The robustness of the maximum capacity estimation is analyzed through a sensitivity analysis mainly driven by variations in hot water consumption and communication loss. Comprehensive and comparative simulation results show improved capabilities in the utilization of the maximum reserved energy of loads, minimizing the expected payback to avoid additional energy peaks and assessing the impacts of external factors that can affect the expected maximum capacity of the VB.INDEX TERMS Demand response, peak management, model predictive control, thermostatically controlled loads, virtual battery.

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Section: Maximum Capacity Payback Control Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Reserved Capacity of Aggregated Electric Water Heaters Virtual Battery for Peak Management

Arafat,

Shokouhinejad,

Castillo Guerra

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…These methods often involve the use of ESS, especially Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), to emulate the kinetic energy of rotor systems traditionally found in synchronous generators [3,4]. The application of BESS in modern power systems can be expanded to develop Peer-to-Peer (P2P) markets, as reviewed in [5]- [7]. Certain research suggests the implementation of virtual inertia without depending on BESS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Grid Stability Using a Virtual Inertia-Integrated Railway Power Conditioner in Railway Power Supplies With High Renewable Energy Penetration

Phophongviwat,

Boonlert,

Hongesombut

2024

IEEE Access

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As electric power systems increasingly integrate Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), the consequent reduction in system inertia has heightened their sensitivity to disturbances, such as sudden load changes. This issue is especially relevant in railway power supply systems, which are evolving to be dominated by RESs. Traditional solutions, including Railway Power Conditioners (RPCs), primarily address unbalanced loads and reactive power compensation but offer limited frequency support. This paper introduces a Virtual Inertia-Integrated Railway Power Conditioner (VIIRPC), a novel solution that enhances traditional RPCs with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to provide critical virtual inertia support, thereby addressing the critical gap in frequency stability amidst the evolving energy landscape of railway systems. Utilizing a current source-based model, the VIIRPC effectively extends inertia support from two-phase systems to balanced three-phase systems at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). This achievement is realized by dividing a virtual inertia signal and integrating it into both sides of the RPC control loop, while respecting each side's signal orientation. Simulations have been conducted to verify the operation under different loading conditions, including a 4-minute headway train schedule, under both conventional and low-inertia grid conditions. These results demonstrate that the VIIRPC outperforms traditional RPCs by enhancing frequency stability and maintaining conventional functionalities. This advancement is particularly significant for modern, RES-dominated railway power supplies, especially in remote areas with RES-based power sources and low short-circuit levels at the PCC. INDEX TERMSVirtual inertia control, railway power conditioners, unbalanced power systems, Scott transformers, renewable energy sources NOMENCLATURE A. ABBREVIATIONS arr. Arrive. AT Autotransformers. BI-phase Two-phase systems in PowerFactory. DD mode Autotransformer mode in PowerFactory. dep. * Apparent power conjugate. Te Electrical torque. Tm Mechanical torque. u * Voltage conjugate. Y load Load admittance. z Eii Self-earth impedance. z Eij Mutual earth impedance. z Gii Self-geometrical impedance. z Gij Mutual geometrical impedance. z ii Self-impedance. z ij Mutual impedance. z Lii Internal impedance. µ 0 Vacuum magnetic permeability. ω s The nominal angular speed. ∆f Frequency different. ∆P RPC RPC's transferring active power ∆P VI Virtual inertia power. ∆Q α,out Reactive power injection of the α phase. ∆Q β,out Reactive power injection at the β phase. ∆δ m Rotor angle difference. ∆ω m Angular speed difference. TEERAPHON PHOPHONGVIWAT was born in Kanchanaburi, Thailand. He received the B.Eng. and M.Eng. degrees in electrical engineering from the King Mongkut'

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Expediting battery investment returns for residential customers utilising spot price-aware local energy exchanges

Ali,

Azim,

Peters

et al. 2024

Energy

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Integrating Forecasting Service and Gen2 Blockchain Into a Local Energy Trading Platform to Promote Sustainability Goals

Cited by 4 publications

References 67 publications

Maximum Reserved Capacity of Aggregated Electric Water Heaters Virtual Battery for Peak Management

Maximum Reserved Capacity of Aggregated Electric Water Heaters Virtual Battery for Peak Management

Enhancing Grid Stability Using a Virtual Inertia-Integrated Railway Power Conditioner in Railway Power Supplies With High Renewable Energy Penetration

Expediting battery investment returns for residential customers utilising spot price-aware local energy exchanges

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