Integrating Experimental and Gradient Methods in Ecological Climate Change Research

Dunne, Jennifer A.; Saleska, S. R.; Fischer, M. L.; Harte, John

doi:10.1890/03-8003

Cited by 242 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…By combining these two methods, we overcome many of the limitations associated with each of the individual methods and therefore obtain a more complete understanding of how the vegetation will change at different temporal scales (Dunne et al 2004). When only the presence-absence of species is considered, the changes in the vegetation in the circles during the last two decades are relatively consistent with the changes along the spatial gradient in cryogenic disturbance processes.…”

Section: Vegetation Changes In Non-sorted Circles During the Last Thrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased cryogenic disturbance: one of the potential mechanisms behind the vegetation change in the Arctic

et al. 2017

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During the last few decades, the Arctic has experienced large-scale vegetation changes. Understanding the mechanisms behind this vegetation change is crucial for our ability to predict future changes. This study tested the hypothesis that decreased cryogenic disturbances cause vegetation change in patterned ground study fields (nonsorted circles) in Abisko, Sweden during the last few decades. The hypothesis was tested by surveying the composition of plant communities across a gradient in cryogenic disturbance and by reinvestigating plant communities previously surveyed in the 1980s to scrutinise how these communities changed in response to reduced cryogenic disturbance. Whereas the historical changes in species occurrence associated with decreased cryogenic disturbances were relatively consistent with the changes along the contemporary gradient of cryogenic disturbances, the species abundance revealed important transient changes highly dependent on the initial plant community composition. Our results suggest that altered cryogenic disturbances cause temporal changes in vegetation dynamics, but the net effects on vegetation communities depend on the composition of initial plant species.

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Section: Vegetation Changes In Non-sorted Circles During the Last Thrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased cryogenic disturbance: one of the potential mechanisms behind the vegetation change in the Arctic

et al. 2017

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“…Thus, our best predictions of ecological and evolutionary responses to anthropogenic climate change come from studies that integrate long-term experiments with observational approaches and model phenotypes as a function of appropriate climatic factors (e.g. the timing of snowmelt instead of mean annual temperature; Dunne et al, 2004).…”

Section: Simulate Predisturbance and Postdisturbance Conditions Expermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and Ecological Responses to Anthropogenic Climate Change

2012

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“…This is consistent with the intent to explore future scenarios, where warmer, high-CO 2 waters are expected, and highlights the importance of assessing the consistency between results obtained experimentally and those derived from in situ empirical relationships. Although experiments may be limited in terms of size and timescales for response as well as their ability to properly mimic environments exposed to multiple, interacting drivers 22 , inferences drawn from field surveys are correlative and do not necessarily support mechanistic cause-effect interpretations, as variables may suffer from co-linearity. Integrating both experimental approaches and field observations provides confidence in inferences, and enhances the predictive power of modelled relationships 22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of CO2-enhanced primary production in the European Arctic Ocean

et al. 2015

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The Arctic Ocean is warming at two to three times the global rate 1 and is perceived to be a bellwether for ocean acidification 2,3 . Increased CO 2 concentrations are expected to have a fertilization e ect on marine autotrophs 4 , and higher temperatures should lead to increased rates of planktonic primary production 5 . Yet, simultaneous assessment of warming and increased CO 2 on primary production in the Arctic has not been conducted. Here we test the expectation that CO 2 -enhanced gross primary production (GPP) may be temperature dependent, using data from several oceanographic cruises and experiments from both spring and summer in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. Results confirm that CO 2 enhances GPP (by a factor of up to ten) over a range of 145-2,099 µatm; however, the greatest e ects are observed only at lower temperatures and are constrained by nutrient and light availability to the spring period. The temperature dependence of CO 2 -enhanced primary production has significant implications for metabolic balance in a warmer, CO 2 -enriched Arctic Ocean in the future. In particular, it indicates that a twofold increase in primary production during the spring is likely in the Arctic.Primary production in the Arctic Ocean supports significant fisheries 6 and renders it an important sink for anthropogenic carbon 2 ; however, climate change has the potential to alter these capacities. Accelerated ice loss is opening surface area across the Arctic, resulting in observations of increased rates of primary production 7 . The reduced salinity caused by melting ice, combined with increasing temperatures, however, increases stratification, restricting turbulent nutrient supply to surface layers 8 . Ice loss also increases surface area for air-sea CO 2 exchange, causing an uptake from the atmosphere into surface waters with already low p CO 2 (ref. 9), and ice melt introduces freshwater with low alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon, further lowering the carbon content of surface waters 10 . The surface waters of the Arctic Ocean are largely undersaturated with respect to CO 2 throughout spring and summer 2 . In the European sector of the Arctic Ocean (BarentsGreenland Sea/Fram Strait), p CO 2 varies seasonally by more than 200 µatm, with values as low as 100 µatm in spring months 11 owing to strong net community production associated with the spring bloom of ice algae followed by that of planktonic algae

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Integrating Experimental and Gradient Methods in Ecological Climate Change Research

Cited by 242 publications

References 100 publications

Decreased cryogenic disturbance: one of the potential mechanisms behind the vegetation change in the Arctic

Decreased cryogenic disturbance: one of the potential mechanisms behind the vegetation change in the Arctic

Evolutionary and Ecological Responses to Anthropogenic Climate Change

Temperature dependence of CO2-enhanced primary production in the European Arctic Ocean

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