Integrating evidence, models and maps to enhance Chagas disease vector surveillance

Gutfraind, Alexander; Peterson, Jennifer K.; Rose, Erica Billig; Arevalo-Nieto, Claudia; Sheen, Justin; Condori-Luna, Gian Franco; Tankasala, Narender; Castillo-Neyra, Ricardo; Condori-Pino, Carlos; Anand, Priyanka; Náquira-Velarde, César; Levy, Michael Z.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006883

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The central idea is that, if members of the public understand what CD is and how it is transmitted, this knowledge will reduce infection rates [51]. In addition to community members, these educational interventions can include professional home inspectors [52] and physicians [53,54]. Although the causal mechanism is rarely explained, researchers argue that, if individuals become more aware of the severity of CD and their susceptibility to the disease, they will be more likely to seek preventive measures [55][56][57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of intentions to prevent triatomine infestation based on the health belief model: An application in rural southern Ecuador

et al. 2020

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Introduction Control of triatomine infestation is a key strategy for the prevention of Chagas disease (CD). To promote this strategy, it is important to know which antecedents to behavioral change are the best to emphasize when promoting prevention. Objective The aim of this study was to determine predictors for intention to prevent home infestation based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), a commonly used health intervention planning theory. Materials & methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 112 heads of household in six communities with endemic and high rates of triatomine infestation in Loja province, Ecuador. The data was collected by a questionnaire including perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits to action, barriers to action, and self-efficacy. These data were also used to predict actual infestation of homes. Results Community members reported strong intentions to prevent home infestation. HBM constructs predicted about 14% of the observed variance in intentions. Perceived susceptibility and severity did not predict behavioral intention well; perceived barriers to small-scale action that reduce likelihood of infestation and self-efficacy in participating in surveillance systems

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of intentions to prevent triatomine infestation based on the health belief model: An application in rural southern Ecuador

et al. 2020

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“…For Chagas disease, spatial analysis has been used to investigate the reinfestation process with T . infestans after community-wide insecticide spraying [33,37–40]; identify factors associated with house infestation [41–43]; evaluate the effects of vector control interventions [44], and generate risk maps at regional and continental levels based on vector distribution [45,46]. By contrast, the spatial component of human T .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Trypanosoma cruzi infection is driven by eco-social interactions in rural communities of the Argentine Chaco

2019

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The transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans is determined by multiple ecological, socio-economic and cultural factors acting at different scales. Their effects on human infection with T. cruzi have often been examined separately or using a limited set of ecological and socio-demographic variables. Herein, we integrated the ecological and social dimensions of human infection risk with the spatial distribution patterns of human and vector (Triatoma infestans) infection in rural communities of the Argentine Chaco composed of indigenous people (90% Qom) and a creole minority. We conducted serosurveys in 470 households aiming at complete population enumeration over 2012–2015. The estimated seroprevalence of T. cruzi prior to the implementation of an insecticide spraying campaign (2008) was 29.0% (N = 1,373 in 301 households), and was twice as large in Qom than creoles. Using generalized linear mixed models, human seropositive cases significantly increased with infected triatomine abundance, having a seropositive household co-inhabitant and household social vulnerability (a multidimensional index of poverty), and significantly decreased with increasing host availability in sleeping quarters (an index summarizing the number of domestic hosts for T. infestans). Vulnerable household residents were exposed to a higher risk of infection even at low infected-vector abundances. The risk of being seropositive increased significantly with house infestation among children from stable households, whereas both variables were not significantly associated among children from households exhibiting high mobility within the communities, possibly owing to less consistent exposures. Human infection was clustered by household and at a larger spatial scale, with hotspots of human and vector infection matching areas of higher social vulnerability. These results were integrated in a risk map that shows high-priority areas for targeted interventions oriented to suppress house (re)infestations, detect and treat infected children, and thus reduce the burden of future disease.

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“…The model cannot be applied to areas in which there are no previously identified infested households, including any area that is newly entering surveillance. In these cases a more general spatial-temporal model such as that described in [17, 27] may be more appropriate, at least until sufficient information to fit the reversible jump MCMC has accumulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time search strategy for finding urban disease vector infestations

Rose

Roy

Castillo-Neyra

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Containing domestic vector infestation requires the ability to swiftly locate and treat infested homes. In urban settings where vectors are heterogeneously distributed throughout a dense housing matrix, the task of locating infestations can be challenging. Here, we present a novel stochastic compartmental model developed to help locate infested homes in urban areas. We designed the model using infestation data for the Chagas disease vector species Triatoma infestans in Arequipa, Peru. Our approach incorporates disease vector counts at each observed house, and the vector's complex spatial dispersal dynamics. We used a Bayesian method to augment the observed data, estimate the insect population growth and dispersal parameters, and determine posterior infestation probabilities of households. We investigated the properties of the model through simulation studies, followed by field testing in Arequipa. Simulation studies showed the model to be accurate in its estimates of two parameters of interest: the growth rate of a domestic triatomine bug colony and the probability of a triatomine bug successfully invading a new home after dispersing from an infested home. When testing the model in the field, data collection using model estimates was hindered by low household participation rates, which severely limited the algorithm and in turn, the model's predictive power. While future optimization efforts must improve the model's capabilities when household participation is low, our approach is nonetheless an important step toward integrating data with predictive modeling to carry out evidence-based vector surveillance in cities.Controlling the spread of disease vectors in real time requires locating and treating 2 infested households before the vectors infest other houses. Vector-borne epidemics 3 increasingly occur in cities worldwide, and detecting populations of disease vectors in 4 large urban environments is especially complex [1,2]. In order to manage factors that 5 are unique to a metropolis such as contiguous and dense housing, patchy vector 6 distribution, and urban sprawl, vector detection methods must be tailored for cities. 7In the city of Arequipa, Peru, the ministry of health is nearing the end of a 8 campaign to eliminate Triatoma infestans, the local vector species of Trypanosoma 9 cruzi. The parasite is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a chronic condition that 10 can lead to serious gastrointestinal and cardiac complications. In the T. infestans 11 elimination campaign, over 70,000 households were treated with insecticide during the 12 'attack' phase of this effort, and are now in a community-based surveillance phase. In 13 this phase, residents are encouraged to report suspected T. infestans infestations, which 14 are then verified by a trained entomological inspector. If T. infestans are found in or 15 around the home, the area will be treated with insecticide, along with all neighboring 16 homes. To complement the community based efforts, trained vector control personnel 17 also proactively inspect...

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Integrating evidence, models and maps to enhance Chagas disease vector surveillance

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

Determinants of intentions to prevent triatomine infestation based on the health belief model: An application in rural southern Ecuador

Determinants of intentions to prevent triatomine infestation based on the health belief model: An application in rural southern Ecuador

Human Trypanosoma cruzi infection is driven by eco-social interactions in rural communities of the Argentine Chaco

A real-time search strategy for finding urban disease vector infestations

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