Integrating EMDR Into a Novel Evolutionary-Based Therapy for Depression: A Case Study of Postpartum Depression

Krupnik, Valery

doi:10.1891/1933-3196.9.3.137

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In case studies, TDD-EMDR was effective in treating major depressive disorder (Krupnik, 2015b) and postpartum depression (Krupnik, 2015a). Herein, we report on the effects of TDD-EMDR on symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with depressive disorders.…”

Section: Krupnikmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A novel integrative treatment, TDD-EMDR, has recently been suggested for treatment of depressive disorders (Krupnik, 2015a, Krupnik, 2015b. Although there are no enough data yet from comparative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to make a definitive conclusion about the effectiveness of EMDR therapy for depression (Wood & Ricketts, 2013), it has been shown effective for depression in case (Bae, Kim, & Park, 2008;Broad & Wheeler, 2006;Grey, 2011;Rosas Uribe et al, 2010) and controlled studies (Hase et al, 2015;Hofmann et al, 2014).…”

Section: Evolutionary-based Therapies For Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrating TDD With EMDR Integration of EMDR therapy into TDD therapeutic frame resulted in changes introduced to both therapies, as described in detail elsewhere (Krupnik, 2015a). In short, the core EMDR interventions (Phases 3-8, Shapiro, 2001) were adapted to substitute mindful meditation in acceptance module of TDD, whose objective is to foster acceptance of defeat/ failure/loss.…”

Section: Krupnikmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therapy was conducted as previously described (Krupnik, 2015a). In brief, it followed the modular structure of TDD, proceeding through its three stages: exploratory, acceptance, and behavioral activation (Krupnik, 2014).…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EMDR component of TDD-EMDR differs from the standard EMDR in several ways. Unlike the standard protocol, the main target is not as much memories of particular experiences and events (they usually come up and are discussed in the exploration phase) as the emotional and cognitive experience of defeat/failure/loss as they are felt in the moment (Krupnik, 2015a). The patients are prompted to face the reality and irreversibility of what happened to them as well as their sense of helplessness.…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Effects of an Evolutionary-Based EMDR Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Case Series Study

Krupnik

2018

J EMDR Prac Res

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A novel evolutionary-based therapy, treating depression downhill (TDD), was designed as a specific therapy for depression as a syndrome (Krupnik, 2014) and later integrated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy into a combined TDD-EMDR treatment. The combined therapy integrates modified EMDR procedures into the theoretical context of TDD. These procedures are applied during the second (acceptance) stage of TDD-EMDR’s three-stage proltocol with the focus on acceptance of defeat/failure/loss rather than on distressing memories. Here, we report a case series of 21 military personnel diagnosed with depressive disorders, who received a course of TDD-EMDR. Eighty percent of completers (n = 15) did not meet the criteria of depressive disorder by the treatment’s end. After 12 sessions, they showed a significant reduction on the Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) with a large effect size (d = 2.8) and an increase in accepting disposition (d = 1.8) on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Noncompleters showed similar to completers decrease of BDI-II scores at mid-treatment. We observed no statistically significant decrease of the anxiety symptoms on the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory. These results suggest that TDD-EMDR may be an effective treatment for depressive disorders. They also indicate that it may preferentially target depressive over anxiety symptoms, as was previously observed for TDD. Suggestions are made for future research.

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Section: Krupnikmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Evolutionary-based Therapies For Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Krupnikmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Effects of an Evolutionary-Based EMDR Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Case Series Study

Krupnik

2018

J EMDR Prac Res

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Trauma or adversity?

Krupnik¹

2019

Traumatology

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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews recognizes several trauma-focused therapies as evidence-based and thus recommended treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (Bisson, Roberts, Andrew, Cooper, & Lewis, 2013). However, there is no consensus on the definition of trauma, and controversy persists about its meaning, which brings into question the specificity and the target of trauma-focused treatments. The construct of trauma is often linked to posttraumatic stress disorder and Criterion A of trauma-related disorders as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In other instances, it is understood as a broader phenomenon covering much if not most of human suffering. In this report, I address the dichotomy between the narrow and broad views of trauma and review considerations for a tighter definition of trauma on the grounds of clinical philosophy, methodology, and practice. I suggest that the construct of trauma should be grounded in the general theory of stress, where trauma is considered a particular kind of stress response alongside with adversity and normative stress. Following such conceptualization, I formulate a working definition of what trauma is and, more importantly, is not.

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The Efficacy of EMDR in the Treatment of Depression

Gauhar¹

2016

J EMDR Prac Res

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This study investigated the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy in treating the primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder by processing past or present trauma that was affecting the quality of life. The 26 diagnosed participants were randomly assigned to 6–8 sessions of EMDR treatment or the waiting list control. Beck Depression Inventory-II, Trauma Symptom Checklist-40, and Quality of Life Index Inventory were used at pre- and postassessment to measure depressive and trauma symptoms and quality of life of the participants for both groups. The targets for EMDR therapy were selected by the participants determining the negative cognitions most strongly associated with reduced functioning and then identifying a related disturbing event. Paired and independent sample t tests were applied for data analysis. Results showed significant improvements on all measures with large effect sizes. At 95% confidence interval, the results found EMDR as an effective treatment for depressive and trauma symptoms and for improving the quality of life of the participants. A generalization effect was found for the depressogenic cognitions, with the number and strength of negative beliefs markedly decreased at posttreatment, even for beliefs not targeted in the therapy. Three-month follow-up interview with the EMDR participants confirmed that the results had been maintained.

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Integrating EMDR Into a Novel Evolutionary-Based Therapy for Depression: A Case Study of Postpartum Depression

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Differential Effects of an Evolutionary-Based EMDR Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Case Series Study

Differential Effects of an Evolutionary-Based EMDR Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Case Series Study

Trauma or adversity?

The Efficacy of EMDR in the Treatment of Depression

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