Integrating Conservation and Development: A Namibian Case Study

Jacobsohn, Margaret; Owen-Smith, Garth

doi:10.3167/082279403782088831

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…We find that shared norms and culture give community members a common interest in terms of livelihood and shared use of natural resources. Communities established conservancies because of a common interests to conserve wildlife for future generations and the potential benefits they could receive to improve their livelihoods (Jacobsohn & Owen-Smith, 2003;Jones, 1999bJones, , 1999cLong, 2004). Establishing a conservancy was in a way reinforcing the common interest that bonds members to a particular common purpose.…”

Section: Do Common Interests and Shared Norms Within A Community Facimentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Governance Institutions, CBNRM, and Benefit-sharing Systems in Namibian Conservancies

Mosimane¹,

Silva²

2015

JSD

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The provision of socio-economic benefits to community members is a key component in the design and implementation of community based natural resources management (CBNRM) initiatives in rural areas. Namibian CBNRM legislation requires that the local governance systems develop a benefit sharing plan (MET, 1995). Local governance systems that are developed within CBNRM programs determine the types and amounts of benefits that community members receive. This paper investigates the role of local governance in establishing benefit-sharing mechanisms and whether local governance facilitates or impedes the equitable distribution of benefits. We also examine whether community characteristics often highlighted in community based conservation literature as facilitating decision making in CBNRM (i.e., size of community, level of community homogeneity, and existence of shared norms) contribute to better local governance for benefit sharing. We use two case studies in Namibia to examine local governance and benefit sharing (Uibasen conservancy in Kunene region and Mayuni conservancy in Caprivi region). We draw on qualitative data from in-depth interviews with conservancy residents conducted in 2011. The findings of the study suggest local governance institutions in conservancies have not developed adequate benefit-sharing systems, and the expectations of conservancy members are largely based on speculation about what they should receive stemming from unclear guidelines regarding realistically deliverable benefits. We find that community characteristics have little impact on local governance outcomes with regards to benefit-sharing systems. This suggests that local governance structures need more external support and oversight in designing and implementing methods for distributing benefits to community members. We argue that fairness and equitable sharing of benefits can only be achieved when it is an explicit objective of the benefit-sharing systems used by local governance structures and involves transparency.

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Section: Do Common Interests and Shared Norms Within A Community Facimentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Governance Institutions, CBNRM, and Benefit-sharing Systems in Namibian Conservancies

Mosimane¹,

Silva²

2015

JSD

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“…Conservation activities working with rural communities in Namibia started in the north-west (now the Kunene Region) during the 1980s (Jacobsohn & Owen-Smith 2003). However, it was not until 1992, that the then Ministry of Wildlife, Conservation and Tourism developed the first draft of a policy providing rights over wildlife and tourism for communities that formed a common property resource management institution called a 'conservancy'.…”

Section: Cbnrm In Namibiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The livelihood impacts of the Namibian community based natural resource management programme: a meta-synthesis

Suich¹

2010

Envir. Conserv.

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SUMMARYCommunity based natural resource management (CBNRM) programmes aim to achieve the joint objectives of biodiversity conservation and improved rural livelihoods by providing incentives to sustainably manage relevant resources. Since 1998, more than 50 natural resource management institutions, known as conservancies, have been established in order to manage wildlife resources, on communal lands in Namibia. The national programme is often cited as a CBNRM success; however, despite its rapid spread, there are few systematically collected or analysed household-level data which demonstrate the long-term ecological, social and economic impacts of Namibian programme. A meta-synthesis was undertaken to determine the range of positive and negative livelihood impacts resulting from CBNRM programme activities in two key regions, and the factors affecting how these impacts have been felt by households or individuals. Impacts were categorized according to any changes in access to and/or returns from the five key assets of the sustainable livelihoods framework, namely financial, human, natural, physical and social assets. Positive and negative impacts were felt on financial, human, natural and social assets; only positive impacts were identified as affecting physical assets. Individual- and household-level impacts differed depending on the specific activities implemented locally and, according to the duration, frequency and timing of the impacts, the circumstances and preferences of households and their access to particular activities and consequent impacts. If a greater understanding of the extent and importance of different impacts is to be gained in the future, more rigorous and comprehensive data collection and analysis will need to be undertaken. Analyses will need to consider the whole range of activities implemented, both the benefits and costs associated with these different activities, and will also need to provide contextual information to allow the relative importance of impacts resulting from CBNRM activities to be better understood.

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“…With respect to the Namibian CBNRM program, activities to explicitly encourage women's participation started in 1994, even before the communal conservancy legislation was enacted, with the creation of community resource monitor (CRM) posts (Jacobsohn & Owen-Smith, 2003). This followed a period of CBNRM development where women had not been taken into consideration (Flintan, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Women’s Participation and Benefits within the Namibian Community Based Natural Resource Management Program

Lendelvo¹,

Munyebvu²,

Suich³

2012

JSD

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Women are important resource users and managers and their participation in community based natural resource management activities can create a platform for their empowerment and enhance their role in decision-making, including benefit sharing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the levels of participation of women in activities Namibia's communal area conservancies and the benefits they receive. The study was carried out in four conservancies in Namibia. It reveals that women participate in diverse activities. With respect to conservancies, women's participation appears to be highest in conservancy activities where their satisfaction levels with conservancy benefits are highest. Further, women from older and less populated conservancies prioritize conservancy activities above general community engagements. Benefits to women were conservancy-specific, although game meat emerged as a prominent benefit to all conservancies. Allowing women to actively participate in initiatives that are related to their traditional roles is essential in enhancing women's participation and improved benefits, and is desired by women in all of the conservancies studied.

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Integrating Conservation and Development: A Namibian Case Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Local Governance Institutions, CBNRM, and Benefit-sharing Systems in Namibian Conservancies

Local Governance Institutions, CBNRM, and Benefit-sharing Systems in Namibian Conservancies

The livelihood impacts of the Namibian community based natural resource management programme: a meta-synthesis

Linking Women’s Participation and Benefits within the Namibian Community Based Natural Resource Management Program

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