Integrating co‐production and functional trait approaches for inclusive and scalable restoration solutions

Hastings, Zoe; Ticktin, Tamara; Botelho, M. V. B. L.; Reppun, Nicholas; Kukea-Shultz, Kānekoa; Wong, Maile; Melone, Angelica; Bremer, Leah L.

doi:10.1111/csp2.250

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Furthermore, the highest ranked tree species in China for coffee production ( Phyllanthus emblica ) has very small leaves and hence might provide a similar shade cover as many species of the Fabaceae family. Lastly, comparing the relationships between functional traits and provision of ES derived from LEK with those displayed in academic studies would provide a last avenue for validation of the results (Hastings et al, 2020; Hundera, 2016). Through a finer understanding of farmers' LEK, these relationships could also help explain discrepancies in perceptions if these arise from the new validation process suggested in step 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most research and initiatives for shade tree promotion in farming systems have so far focused on a limited number of well-documented tree species (Hastings et al, 2020). These few tree species, albeit often successfully grown in small-scale pilot projects, cannot fit all the various social and ecological conditions needed for scaling up agroforestry practices beyond initial project sites, and thus did not lead to widespread dissemination of promoted agroforestry systems (Coe et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ShadeTreeAdvice methodology: Guiding tree‐species selection using local knowledge

Rigal

Wagner

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

People and Nature

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1. Selection of shade tree species for agroforestry systems must take the complexity of these systems into account. Tree species selection should maximize the provision of ecosystem services while minimizing disservices. Selected species must be adapted to local agroecological conditions and cater to farmers' needs, while considering their preferences and constraints.2. The ShadeTreeAdvice methodology was developed to support said selection process using farmers' local ecological knowledge. It provides the steps to rapidly identify tree species and evaluate their impacts on a range of locally important ecosystem services. Results are uploaded to a decision support tool to tailor tree species recommendations to individual farmers' needs (www.shade treea dvice.org). During the 5 year timeframe between 2016 and 2020, eight studies following this methodology were conducted in various coffee and cocoa growing regions across Africa, Asia and Central America.3. This article looks back at these studies to synthesize their findings and evaluate the methodology. We identified similarities in the use of tree species across different study areas, notably regarding leguminous and fruit tree species. We showed that the method was efficient to evaluate tree species' impacts on soil and climate regulation, crop production, and economic benefits. It was less efficient for evaluating impacts related to incidence of pests and diseases, often associated with knowledge gaps. The method also successfully allowed investigating the links between LEK and socio-economic groups or environmental factors.4. Furthermore, we suggest a series of improvements in the methodology for future studies. These improvements include (i) broadening the scope of studies beyond tree species provision of ecosystem services to include tree species impact on farming practices; (ii) allowing the comparison of tree performances in

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ShadeTreeAdvice methodology: Guiding tree‐species selection using local knowledge

Rigal

Wagner

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

People and Nature

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We conducted non-probability sampling of agroforestry sites in Hawai'i. We define agroforestry as a continuum of systems that integrate woody plants and crops or livestock (or other tended and harvested plant or animal species) (Hastings et al, 2020). We included people practicing agroforestry for subsistence and/or non-economic benefits as well as practitioners who sell products, including those designated as farms by the USDA, defined as any size plot of land that produces $1,000 or more of agricultural products per year.…”

Section: Sampling Framementioning

confidence: 99%

Who Gets to Adopt? Contested Values Constrain Just Transitions to Agroforestry

Hastings

Wong

Ticktin

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

Self Cite

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Agroforestry is often promoted as a multi-benefit solution to increasing the resilience of agricultural landscapes. Yet, there are many obstacles to transitioning agricultural production systems to agroforestry. Research on agroforestry transitions often focuses on why farmers and land managers chose to adopt this type of stewardship, with less focus on the political context of practitioner decisions. We use the case study of agroforestry in Hawai‘i to explore how agroforestry transitions occur with particular attention to politics and power dynamics. Specifically, we ask, what factors drive and/or restrain transitions to agroforestry and who is able to participate. We interviewed 38 agroforestry practitioners in Hawai‘i and analyzed the data using constructivist grounded theory. We then held a focus group discussion with interview participants to share results and discuss solutions. Practitioners primarily chose agroforestry intentionally for non-economic and values-based reasons, rather than as a means to production or economic goals. Agroforestry practitioners face a similar suite of structural obstacles as other agricultural producers, including access to land, labor, and capital and ecological obstacles like invasive species and climate change. However, the conflict in values between practitioners and dominant institutions manifests as four additional dimensions of obstacles constraining agroforestry transitions: systems for accessing land, capital, and markets favor short-term production and economic value; Indigenous and local knowledge is not adequately valued; regulatory, funding, and other support institutions are siloed; and not enough appropriate information is accessible. Who is able to practice despite these obstacles is tightly linked with people's ability to access off-site resources that are inequitably distributed. Our case study highlights three key points with important implications for realizing just agroforestry transitions: (1) practitioners transition to agroforestry to restore ecosystems and reclaim sovereignty, not just for the direct benefits; (2) a major constraint to agroforestry transitions is that the term agroforestry is both unifying and exclusionary; (3) structural change is needed for agroforestry transitions to be just. We discuss potential solutions in the context of Hawai‘i and provide transferrable principles and actionable strategies for achieving equity in agroforestry transitions. We also demonstrate a transferrable approach for action-oriented, interdisciplinary research in support of just agroforestry transitions.

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“…Additionally, integrating local knowledge of species life-history traits (e.g. successional status) when designing restoration interventions can not only improve outcomes, but also ensure that culturally and economically important species are explicitly included in the design process [14]. Yet, applying this knowledge to predict the survival of seedlings within a restoration context remains a major challenge as trait expression, survival rates and their interactions can vary significantly at these initial stages of development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Below-ground traits mediate tree survival in a tropical dry forest restoration

Werden

Averill

Crowther

et al. 2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Reforestation is one of our most promising natural climate solutions, and one that addresses the looming biodiversity crisis. Tree planting can catalyse forest community reassembly in degraded landscapes where natural regeneration is slow, however, tree survival rates vary remarkably across projects. Building a trait-based framework for tree survival could streamline species selection in a way that generalizes across ecosystems, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the global restoration movement. We investigated how traits mediated seedling survival in a tropical dry forest restoration, and how traits were coordinated across plant structures. We examined growth and survival of 14 species for 2 years and measured six below-ground and 22 above-ground traits. Species-level survival ranged widely from 7.8% to 90.1%, and a model including growth rate, below-ground traits and their interaction explained more than 73% of this variation. A strong interaction between below-ground traits and growth rate indicated that selecting species with fast growth rates can promote establishment, but this effect was most apparent for species that invest in thick fine roots and deep root structures. Overall, results emphasize the prominent role of below-ground traits in determining early restoration outcomes, and highlight little above- and below-ground trait coordination, providing a path forward for tropical dry forest restoration efforts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.

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Integrating co‐production and functional trait approaches for inclusive and scalable restoration solutions

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

ShadeTreeAdvice methodology: Guiding tree‐species selection using local knowledge

ShadeTreeAdvice methodology: Guiding tree‐species selection using local knowledge

Who Gets to Adopt? Contested Values Constrain Just Transitions to Agroforestry

Below-ground traits mediate tree survival in a tropical dry forest restoration

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