Integrating climate adaptation, water governance and conflict management policies in lake riparian zones: Insights from African drylands

Cognition and Research Framework of Water Adaptive Landscapes With the Case Study on Mentougou District, Beijing

“…For instance, targeting the semi-arid irrigation farming ecosystems in Kenya, Paul McCord et al analyzed and worked out the factors to the regional irrigation systems that would impact the application of climate adaptive strategies, which were further assessed with a logistic regression model [24] . Through qualitative document analysis and with manual integrated scoring standards, Uche T. Okpara et al analyzed the Lake Chad basin in Africa and reviewed relevant crossboundary policies and intervention documents in order to map out governance methods that integrate goals in climate adaptation, water remediation, and conflict management [25] .…”

“…价适应性对策 [5] 。 决策矩阵模型主要基于Excel或Lotus的适应性决策矩阵，根据评价 对象及目的设置评价内容进行基于主观判断的重要性经验赋值，并运 用相关方法展开分析。例如，保罗•麦考德等人在针对肯尼亚半干旱 灌溉农业生态系统的分析中，确定区域灌溉系统影响气候适应性策略 应用的影响因子，并通过构建逻辑回归模型对适应性策略的影响进行 评估 [24] ；乌切•T•奥克派亚等人使用定性文档分析方法和主观集成评 分标准，对非洲乍得湖流域与气候适应、水治理和冲突管理相关的跨 界政策和干预文件进行分析，探讨整合性治理方法 [25] 。 在上述两种模型的应用过程中，相关水文建模工具也为适应性的 评估和决策提供支持。例如，联合国环境规划署的环境评估与管理工 具这一决策支持系统以多准则、多标准决策技术为基础，并以图示、 人-机对话等手段使评估过程简明清晰，适用于对受气候变化影响的 水资源、沿海地区和农业活动及相关适应性策略进行评估研究 [26] 。又 如联合国全球水伙伴组织开发的城市综合水资源管理系统，通过对城 developed by Global Water Partnership, is an integrated management system in urban water supply, rainwater and waste water treatment, and public health, so as to maximize the sustainability in economy, society, and environment [27] . Scholars have applied it into water vulnerability analyses in land use changes, water quality and hydrology, rivers and floods, urban drainage systems, wetlands, ecosystems, social vulnerability, etc.…”

Community-level mechanisms and strategies for managing sustainable water supply systems: lessons from Bongo district of northern Ghana

“…In addition, monitoring and enforcement mechanisms have also been noted as central to ensuring sustainable water supply in communities and clearly defined rules specifying desirable water usage behaviour and sanctions meted out to people who fail to abide by the set rules and regulations (Okpara et al 2018;Franzen et al 2015;Cleaver et al 2005). Ostrom (1992) attributed the inability to realise better water management to ineffective and inefficient governance, regulatory and legal arrangements.…”

“…Fundamentally, a proper approach in the management of community level water resource systems in the long-term ensures sustainable water supply to households (Yeleliere et al 2018;Kelly et al 2017) and remain an important component of bringing sustainability to water utilisation (Opare 2011;Distanont et al 2017). Managing sustainable water supply successfully at the local level means operating and maintaining a water supply system on a day-to-day basis so that the system continuous to work and supply water as planned (Msuya and Lalika 2018;Okpara et al 2018). In development discourse, sustainable water supply influences development as well as promote better health and living conditions which explicitly impact on social, economic and community development (Tantoh and Simatele 2018;Knüppea and Meissner 2016;Apipalakul et al 2015).…”

Power interplay between actors in climate change adaptation policy-making in South Asia

“…For each time-period, the policy documents were coded based on the four indicators of a CPP (Table 2.1). To capture the framing in a policy document, we systematically analysed the language of the policy documents (England et al, 2018;Okpara et al, 2018). For instance, some policy documents described how climate change leads to increased frequency of disasters and their impacts on the ecosystem, suggesting preparedness for communities and disaster resilient infrastructure.…”