Integrating carbon capture into an industrial combined-heat-and-power plant: performance with hourly and seasonal load changes

Castilla, Guillermo Martinez; Biermann, Max; Montañés, Rubén Mocholí; Normann, Fredrik; Johnsson, Filip

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.01.015

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The potential energy savings per ton of CO 2 captured through off-design partial capture would allow maximization of the captured CO 2 during the first phase of implementation. Achieving full capture would, thereafter, require additional supplies of energy over time. For industries/waste-to-energy plants that want to operate with varying load initially, for example, due to seasonal variations with regard to heat availability (e.g., due to district heating), where the capture plant is designed for a peak heat load. , …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of CO₂ from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

Biermann

Normann

Johnsson

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from a slipstream of steam reformer flue gas (18–20 vol %wet CO2) using 30 wt % aqueous monoethanolamine was performed for ∼500 h in a mobile test unit (∼120 kg CO2/h). Specific reboiler duties (SRDs) of 3.6–3.8 MJ/kg CO2 were achieved at 90% capture. The pilot data validate the modeling of off-design partial capture, that is, operation at lower CO2 capture rates (at constant gas flow) than the absorption column was designed to achieve. This paper demonstrates that off-design partial capture enables significant energy savings (SRD, cooling) relative to on-design capture. The accrued savings depend on the column design (packing height, flooding approach) and the feed CO2 concentration. Finally, a concept for stepwise deployment of carbon capture and storage in industries with high-CO2 concentration sources (e.g., steel and cement manufacturing and refining) is introduced. Thanks to its inherent full-capture-ready design, the initial energy-efficient, off-design partial capture operation can be extended to full capture over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of CO₂ from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

Biermann

Normann

Johnsson

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Gas separation via amine absorption typically implies energy penalties of ∼3-4 GJ/tCO 2 -captured for solvent regeneration (heat) and ∼0.3-0.6 GJ/tCO 2 -captured for compression/ liquefaction of CO 2 (power). Many studies have evaluated CCS from steel mill off-gases (Kuramochi et al, 2012;Arasto et al, 2013;Ho et al, 2013;IEAGHG, 2013;Tsupari et al, 2013;Cormos, 2016;Biermann et al, 2019;Martinez Castilla et al, 2019). In summary, those studies have reported CO 2 avoidance levels of 50%-80% if the CO 2 is captured from the largest direct emissions point onsite and depending on the number of flue gas stacks included.…”

Section: Co 2 Capture From Steel Mill Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Allocation in Multi-Product Steel Mills That Co‐process Biogenic and Fossil Feedstocks and Adopt Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Technologies

et al. 2020

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This work investigates the effects of carbon allocation on the emission intensities of low-carbon products cogenerated in facilities that co‐process biogenic and fossil feedstocks and apply the carbon capture utilization and storage technology. Thus, these plants simultaneously sequester CO2 and synthesize fuels or chemicals. We consider an integrated steel mill that injects biomass into the blast furnace, captures CO2 for storage, and ferments CO into ethanol from the blast furnace gas. We examine two schemes to allocate the CO2 emissions avoided [due to the renewable feedstock share (biomass) and CO2 capture and storage (CCS)] to the products of steel, ethanol, and electricity (generated through the combustion of steel mill waste gases): 1) allocation by (carbon) mass, which represents actual carbon flows, and 2) a free-choice attribution that maximizes the renewable content allocated to electricity and ethanol. With respect to the chosen assumptions on process performance and heat integration, we find that allocation by mass favors steel and is unlikely to yield an ethanol product that fulfills the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) biofuel criterion (65% emission reduction relative to a fossil comparator), even when using renewable electricity and applying CCS to the blast furnace gas prior to CO conversion into ethanol and electricity. In contrast, attribution fulfills the criterion and yields bioethanol for electricity grid intensities <180 gCO2/kWhel without CCS and yields bioethanol for grid intensities up to 800 gCO2/kWhel with CCS. The overall emissions savings are up to 27 and 47% in the near-term and long-term future, respectively. The choice of the allocation scheme greatly affects the emissions intensities of cogenerated products. Thus, the set of valid allocation schemes determines the extent of flexibility that manufacturers have in producing low-carbon products, which is relevant for industries whose product target sectors that value emissions differently. We recommend that policymakers consider the emerging relevance of co‐processing in nonrefining facilities. Provided there is no double-accounting of emissions, policies should contain a reasonable degree of freedom in the allocation of emissions savings to low-carbon products, so as to promote the sale of these savings, thereby making investments in mitigation technologies more attractive to stakeholders.

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“…Note that carbon capture and the required heat recovery units are operated continuously at constant load. Martinez Castilla et al (Martinez Castilla et al, 2019) performed a dynamic modeling study of capture unit operation with seasonal and hourly variations and they found that typical variations are manageable through the implementation of an appropriate capture unit design and control scheme, and that a capture performance close to constant load can be achieved.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess heat-driven carbon capture at an integrated steel mill – Considerations for capture cost optimization

Biermann

Abou‐Hassan

Sundqvist

et al. 2019

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Integrating carbon capture into an industrial combined-heat-and-power plant: performance with hourly and seasonal load changes

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Capture of CO₂ from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

Capture of CO₂ from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

Carbon Allocation in Multi-Product Steel Mills That Co‐process Biogenic and Fossil Feedstocks and Adopt Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Technologies

Excess heat-driven carbon capture at an integrated steel mill – Considerations for capture cost optimization

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Integrating carbon capture into an industrial combined-heat-and-power plant: performance with hourly and seasonal load changes

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Capture of CO2 from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

Capture of CO2 from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

Carbon Allocation in Multi-Product Steel Mills That Co‐process Biogenic and Fossil Feedstocks and Adopt Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Technologies

Excess heat-driven carbon capture at an integrated steel mill – Considerations for capture cost optimization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Capture of CO₂ from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

Capture of CO₂ from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture