Integrating building footprints and LiDAR elevation data to classify roof structures and visualise buildings

Alexander, Cici; Smith-Voysey, Sarah; Jarvis, C.; Tansey, Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.01.009

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Point cloud densities represent one area that varies significantly (Table 3) and in the majority of cases it is under 5 ppsm, although in some cases it is higher [22,23,42,45,46,52,53,63,65,87,91,99]. Based on the recent research by [100] it has been identified that a point cloud density of below 5 ppsm influences the accuracy of the final results (outline of building polygon) and that higher densities generate higher accuracies.…”

Section: Observed Trends and Remaining Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Extraction from Airborne Laser Scanning Data: An Analysis of the State of the Art

et al. 2015

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Abstract:This article provides an overview of building extraction approaches applied to Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data by examining elements used in original publications, such as data set area, accuracy measures, reference data for accuracy assessment, and the use of auxiliary data. We succinctly analyzed the most cited publication for each year between 1998 and 2014, resulting in 54 ISI-indexed articles and 14 non-ISI indexed publications. Based on this, we position some built-in features of ALS to create a comprehensive picture of the state of the art and the progress through the years. Our analyses revealed trends and remaining challenges that impact the community. The results show remaining deficiencies, such as inconsistent accuracy assessment measures, limitations of independent reference data sources for accuracy assessment, relatively few documented applications of the methods to wide area data sets, and the lack of transferability studies and measures. Finally, we predict some future trends and identify some gaps which existing approaches may not exhaustively cover. Despite these deficiencies, this comprehensive literature analysis demonstrates that ALS data is certainly a valuable source of spatial information for building extraction. When taking into account the short civilian history of ALS one can conclude that ALS has become well established in the scientific community and seems to become indispensable in many application fields.

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Section: Observed Trends and Remaining Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Extraction from Airborne Laser Scanning Data: An Analysis of the State of the Art

et al. 2015

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“…They are usually derived from point clouds or photogrammetry, and their combination with building footprints (Alexander et al, 2009;Haala and Brenner, 1999;Haala and Kada, 2010). They can also be derived with generalisation from an LOD3 (Mao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Lod2 Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

337

176

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The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous.We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format-agnostic.Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.Keywords: Level of detail; 3D city modelling; 3D GIS; 3D building models; CityGML; Scale Highlights• CityGML LODs are an industry standard for conveying the grade of 3D city models.• The 5 LODs are not defined precisely, and they are not sufficient for this purpose.• We present a refined series of 16 LODs that overcomes these issues.

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“…The system introduced was tested by the help of different scenarios. In [3], lidar system was used in city modeling and building recognition tasks. The use of methodology introduced for building footprints was presented.…”

Section: Literature Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Lidar System Based on an Infrared RangeFinder Sensor and SlipRing Mechanism

Bayar

Uludag²

2016

International Journal of Engineering Technologies, IJET

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Abstract-Lidar systems are one of the most important sensor infrastructures in autonomous vehicles and mobile robots. They are used for achieving indoor and outdoor mapping purposes. In the scope of this study, a new perspective to develop a lidar system is proposed. The system developed is constructed based on a low-cost infrared rangefinder sensor, low-cost slipring mechanism designed and manufactured, dc motor and microprocessor. The rangefinder sensor is mounted to a head-structure actuated by a dc motor that continuously rotates with a desired rotational velocity. The data coming from the rangefinder sensor flows through the microprocessor via the slipring. The design concept of the slipring mechanism gives an advantage that the data of the infrared rangefinder sensor can be taken while the sensor continuously rotates. The required power for the sensor can also be supplied by the slipring during motion. The decoding process of the data coming from the rangefinder sensor and motor control task are accomplished using an ATmega based microprocessor. A user interface is also created to communicate with the system and evaluate the performance of the whole structure developed. After conducting many experiments, successful results are obtained. The design steps of the system proposed and the experimental results are presented in this paper.

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Integrating building footprints and LiDAR elevation data to classify roof structures and visualise buildings

Cited by 68 publications

References 4 publications

Building Extraction from Airborne Laser Scanning Data: An Analysis of the State of the Art

Building Extraction from Airborne Laser Scanning Data: An Analysis of the State of the Art

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Development of a Lidar System Based on an Infrared RangeFinder Sensor and SlipRing Mechanism

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