As an intermodal interface, marine container terminals serve vessels on the sea side and trucks/trains on the land side. Operating a container terminal involves many different decisions and they often interact with each other. Due to the multi-criteria nature, the complexity of operations, and the size of the operations management problem, it is extremely difficult to make the optimal decisions for the entire terminal system (Zhang et al., 2003). Traditionally, the whole system is decomposed into a set of sub-planning problems of manageable complexity. The sub-problems may be solved in a sequential fashion, in which the output of one sub-problem is treated as the input of another sub-problem. This sequential solution enables a clear hierarchy of decision making, but on the other hand, ignores the interrelations between the sub-problems and often leads to plans of poor overall quality (Bierwirth and Meisel, 2010). In order to find better planning decisions, it is necessary to integrate some of the sub-planning problems and optimize them simultaneously at a reasonable planning level, as mentioned by Stahlbock and Voss (2008) that "improved terminal performance cannot necessarily be obtained by solving isolated problems but by an integration of various operations connected to each other."Many container terminals in Asia have a typical layout as shown in Fig. 1, which consists of three parts: the seaside area, the yard storage area and the landside area. The seaside area is the place where vessels are berthed and operated by quay cranes. The landside area, also called gate house, is the entrance and exit place for external trucks (XTs). Between the seaside and the landside areas is the storage yard, which stores inbound (I/B) and outbound (O/B) containers temporarily because there are time differences between vessel arrivals and land-carrier arrivals (Meisel, 2009