Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Weapon Systems

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into weapon systems is one of the most consequential tactical and strategic decisions in the history of warfare. Current AI development is a remarkable combination of accelerating capability, hidden decision mechanisms, and decreasing costs. Implementation of these systems is in its infancy and exists on a spectrum from resilient and flexible to simplistic and brittle. Resilient systems should be able to effectively handle the complexities of a high-dimensional battlespace. Simplistic AI implementations could be manipulated by an adversarial AI that identifies and exploits their weaknesses.In this paper, we present a framework for understanding the development of dynamic AI/ML systems that interactively and continuously adapt to their user's needs. We explore the implications of increasingly capable AI in the kill chain and how this will lead inevitably to a fully automated, always on system, barring regulation by treaty. We examine the potential of total integration of cyber and physical security and how this likelihood must inform the development of AI-enabled systems with respect to the "fog of war", human morals, and ethics.

Ethics, Rules of Engagement, and AI: Neural Narrative Mapping Using Large Transformer Language Models

“…When combat is happening at machine speed, humans cannot be directly involved with the system. Such systems respond to threats that are beyond the capability of real-time human supervision, and may have to be left in "always on" states in case of surprise attacks [27].…”

“…By presenting these relationships back to us in usable, intuitive ways, we can make more informed decisions and better understand the patterns and biases that affect us. There is ample evidence that humans are not particularly good at making decisions, particularly under pressure [27]. Our natural biases (stereotypes, assumptions, and a lack of critical thinking) often create complex dynamics that lead us to make gross errors in judgment.…”