Integrated Waste Management for Rural Development in Egypt

Abstract

Rural areas generate a large amount of plant and animal residues that can be recycled and utilized instead of relocation and/or burning. This will lead to increasing the benefits from agricultural sector in rural communities and ensuring a better environment. To increase the economic output and environmental benefits of recycling agricultural residues, integrated system should be considered, e.g., energy--compost-recycled water system; composting--co-composting system; food-feed compost system, ensilage of crop residues. The present work was a pilot study for optimizing integrated systems for bioconversion agricultural residues completed by establishing a Training Center for Recycling Agricultural Residues (TCRAR) thereby ensuring the dissemination of the technical, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects to farmers, live stock producers, extensions service staff, and private sector. Three integrated subsystems for bioconversion of agricultural residues were developed. They were based on (i) energy--manure-recycled water system, (ii) composting and co-composting system, and (iii) food-feed/compost system.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION AND PALATABILITY TRIAL OF ENSILED CONOCARPUS GREENERY RESIDUES

“…Contents of crude protein, crude fats and fibre and organic matter of Conocarpus silage were calculated as percentage on DM basis (Table 2). In general, silage is considered palatable with a protein content ranging from 7.0 to 11.0% on DM basis (Shehata et al ., 2004). As reported by Selmer-Olsen et al .…”

“…Contents of crude protein, crude fats and fibre and organic matter of Conocarpus silage were calculated as percentage on DM basis (Table 2). In general, silage is considered palatable with a protein content ranging from 7.0 to 11.0% on DM basis (Shehata et al, 2004). As reported by Selmer-Olsen et al (2006), the lactic acid of silage partially hydrolyses the crude fibre and synergistically enhances the enzymatic activity of cellulase through slow chemical hydrolysis.…”

Observations on silage making of landscape conocarpus browse residues as feed ingredient in kuwait

“…Mean CP content was 11.18 ± 0.07 on DM basis, which was considered to be adequately palatable for livestock feeding. In general, silage is considered palatable with a protein content ranging from 7.3 to 9.8% on DM basis [60,61]. The high ammonia concentration (>12 to 15% of CP) can affect the fermentation and quality of silage and may have an adverse effect on animal performance [62,63].…”