Integrated use of phosphorus fertilizer and farmyard manure improves wheat productivity by improving soil quality and P availability in calcareous soil under subhumid conditions

Abstract

IntroductionLow soil fertility and high fertilizer costs are constraints to wheat production, which may be resolved with integrating fertilizer phosphorus (P) and farm-yard manure (FYM). Study objectives were to evaluate P source impacts on soil, P efficiency, and wheat growth in a calcareous soil.MethodsTreatments included P fertilizer (0, 17, 26, or 39 kg P ha-1) and/or FYM (0 or 10 T ha-1) in a: 1) incubation experiment and 2) wheat (Triticum aestivum spp.) field experiment.Results and DiscussionSoil organic matter increased (30-72%) linearly for both fertilizer and FYM, whereas pH decreased (0.1-0.3 units) with fertilizer only. Addition of fertilizer and FYM increased plant available P (AB-DTPA extractable soil P) an average of 0.5 mg P kg-1 soil week-1 with incubation. The initial increase was 1-9 mg P kg-1, with further increase after 84 d of ~3-17 mg P kg-1. There was also a significant increase of available P in the soil supporting plants in the field study, although the magnitude of the increase was only 2 mg kg-1 at most for the highest fertilizer rate + FYM. Grain (66 to 119%) and straw (25-65%) yield increased significantly, peaking at 26 kg P ha-1 + FYM. The P Absorption Efficiency (PAE), P Balance (PB), and P Uptake (PU) increased linearly with P rate, with the highest levels at the highest P rate. The P Use Efficiency (PUE) was highest at the lowest rates of P, with general decreases with increasing P, although not consistently. Principal component analysis revealed that 94.34 % of the total variance was accounted for with PC1 (84.04 %) and PC2 (10.33 %), with grain straw yield significantly correlated to SOM, PU, and PAE. Regression analysis showed highly significant correlation of PB with P-input (R2= 0.99), plant available P (R2= 0.85), and PU (R2= 0.80). The combination of FYM at the rate of 10 T ha-1 and fertilizer P at 26 kg P ha-1 was found as the optimum dose that significantly increased yield. It is concluded that FYM concoction with fertilizer-P not only improved SOM and residual soil P, but also enhanced wheat yields with reasonable P efficiency.

Optimizing the manure substitution rate based on phosphorus fertilizer to enhance soil phosphorus turnover and root uptake in pepper (Capsicum)

“…Soil P effectiveness is an important factor in crop yield response to P fertilization and is often used as a guide for agricultural production ( Buczko et al., 2018 ; Meyer et al., 2020 ; Ibrahim et al., 2022 ). Many studies have shown that P fertilizers with organic materials increase crop productivity by enhancing plant-available P ( Carneiro et al., 2021 ; Jamal et al., 2023 ). In this study, excessively high manure application rates led to a significant reduction in soil P effectiveness, which was the primary reason for the reduced growth of pepper.…”

Green manure incorporation enhanced soil labile phosphorus and fruit tree growth

“…Green manures, also referred to as cover crops, are generally grown at times when soil would otherwise be bare, typically in the period after a crop is harvested or the orchard alleyways ( Lal, 2015 ). The utilization of green manure represents a significant field management strategy that can enhance the effectiveness of soil P and reduce the reliance on mineral P fertilizers ( Li et al., 2015 ; Jamal et al., 2023 ; Ozbolat et al., 2023 ; Zhang et al., 2023 ). According to the study conducted by de Oliveira et al., 2017 in no-tillage onion production of Santa Catarina, Brazil, the incorporation of green manure residues has demonstrated the ability to promptly release soluble inorganic P (P i ) and elevate the availability of P in the soil.…”

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties reveal substantial and contrasting organic phosphorus use efficiencies (PoUE) under symbiotic conditions

“…An estimation of more than 90% of rock phosphate produced is used to manufacture synthetic fertilizers (Li et al, 2016). Unfortunately, inorganic P (Pi) application is sparingly available to plants because it is immobilized and gets precipitated with other soil constituents at different pH regimes (Jamal et al, 2023;Johan et al, 2021;Richardson et al, 2009). Consequently, unsystematic applications of chemical fertilizers pose numerous environmental and ecological problems such as eutrophication (Akhtar et al, 2016;Daneshgar et al, 2018;Mihoub et al, 2022;Xia et al, 2020).…”