Integrated textile effluent treatment method

Abstract

Textile wastewater purification is a challenging process. Conventional wastewater treatment methods either lack in efficiency, cost-effectiveness or leads to the generation of secondary pollutants. Additionally, some treatment methods are time-consuming. The research presented in the manuscript is a blend of filtration, biosorption, aeration, solar energy-assisted electrolytic precipitation, pH balance, and germicidal treatments with an aim of reducing the suspended solids, intense color, odor, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metal content of textile effluent. Use of environmentally sustainable surface activated biosorbents derived from waste weeds Water Hyacinth (WH) and Parthenium Hysterophorus (PH) as an alternative to commercial grade Activated Charcoal (AC), comparison of adsorption capacities of proposed adsorbents against AC for effluent decolorization, the application of solar energy to run an electrolytic precipitator, and the unique sequential design of various unit processes like coarse and fine filtration, biosorption, aeration, electrolytic precipitation, pH treatment and germicidal UV-C treatment to treat the effluent are some of the novel methodologies explored in the present study. The invented process provides almost completely decolorized (about 90%-94%), particle-free and odorless treated water, with the acceptable levels of heavy metals (Lead-not detected, Arsenic-not detected, Zinc-0.5-0.8 mg/L), TDS (1,500-1,850 mg/L), COD (149-169 mg/L) pH (7.1-7.15), and EC (2.5-2.8 mMhos/ cm) as some of the important parameters, fitting well within the standard pollution limits. Performance efficiency estimation and statistical modeling were done for the data using the t test and f test. The values obtained were (t = 2.78 and f = 4.99 for treated WH against AC) and (t = 3.00 and f = 5.38 for treated PH against AC at 0.05 level of significance) as an essential part of the manuscript, proving the supremacy of the proposed process to achieve the standard pollution norms. Cost-effectiveness was an integral factor addressed in the proposed design, recorded a 1.7 USD per 1,000 L of input effluent, which was well below than most of the reported studies. The invented method in the present investigation thus provides an integrated, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective solution to wastewater treatment.

Assessing the Effectiveness and Environmental Sustainability of Reactive Dyes for Their Structural Diversity

“…However, reactive dyes are prone to hydrolysis reaction with water, during which a huge number of dyes are segregated from the fabrics. The rate of hydrolysis can be significantly reduced by using bi-or multifunctional reactive dyes, but the problem still exists due to containing a large amount of colorant, some inorganics, lower DO, higher BOD5, COD, TSS, and TDS in effluents [8][9][10]. For instance, it was found that the colors associated with reactive dyeing in the wastewater are responsible for aesthetic damage to the water bodies [11].…”