Integrated System Technology of POME Treatment for Biohydrogen and Biomethane Production in Malaysia

Abstract

In recent years, production of biohydrogen and biomethane (or a mixture of these; biohythane) from organic wastes using two-stage bioreactor have been implemented by developing countries such as Germany, USA and the United Kingdom using the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In Thailand, biohythane production in a two-stage process has been widely studied. However, in Malaysia, treating organic and agricultural wastes using an integrated system of dark fermentation (DF) coupled with anaerobic digestion (AD) is scarce. For instance, in most oil palm mills, palm oil mill effluent (POME) is treated using a conventional open-ponding system or closed-digester tank for biogas capture. This paper reviewed relevant literature studies on treating POME and other organic wastes using integrated bioreactor implementing DF and/or AD process for biohydrogen and/or biomethane production. Although the number of papers that have been published in this area is increasing, a further review is needed to reveal current technology used and its benefits, especially in Malaysia, since Malaysia is the second-largest oil palm producer in the world.

Methane Biogas Production in Malaysia: Challenge and Future Plan

“…(i) is paper aims to identify the potential use of biogas to be fed to fuel cells, and determine the conservation of conventional resources and reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in electricity generation 2019 [7] Integrated system technology of POME treatment for biohydrogen and biomethane production in Malaysia (i) Compared to a single-stage system, an integrated system would have a better biogas generation rate and a higher percentage of COD removal efficiency. (ii) e two-stage fermentation method is more stable in terms of its operations and has a greater energy recovery rate.…”

“…Hydrolysis is a process that simplifies complicated chemical compounds. e process of acidogenesis converts simpler chemicals into volatile fatty acids from simpler molecules [7]. e subsequent phase is acetogenesis, in which volatile fatty acids, methanol, and ethanol are consumed by acetogenic bacteria and transformed into acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.…”

“…Numerous review articles have been published on biomethane production, with the majority focused on POME-based biomethane if they pertain to the Malaysia case study. Zainal et al reviewed relevant literature on the integrated system technology of POME treatment for not only biomethane but also biohydrogen, revealing the present technology and its benefits [7]. Sarwani et al assessed the potential for biomethane generation from POME and its usage in a petrol car in Malaysia, while Hoo et al discovered the ideal planning for biomethane injection into the natural gas grid in Malaysia [9,10].…”

The Potential of Sustainable Biomass Producer Gas as a Waste-to-Energy Alternative in Malaysia

“…POME is used to generate renewable biogas in the palm oil industry. POME undergoes anaerobic digestion of wastewater, where biogas is freely released or captured as energy [63].…”

Sustainable second-generation bioenergy alternatives for Ecuador

“…Nevertheless, POME could be used as a good biomethane source, which can also be used for energy production. Promising research has addressed the potential of POME to generate biohydrogen and biomethane (or a mixture of these: biohythane) for energy purposes [312]. These alternative POME utilizations could dramatically reduce the GHG footprint during the production phase.…”