Integrated Sustainable Wind Power Harvesting and Ultrahigh Energy Density Wire‐Shaped Supercapacitors Based on Vertically Oriented Nanosheet‐Array‐Coated Carbon Fibers

Abstract

technologies, such as solar cells, which harvest energy from sunlight, and triboelectric generators, which produce electricity from human motion. Unfortunately, these devices cannot ensure an efficient power supply for energy storage devices due to the intermittency of sunlight and the low current output of triboelectric electricity. [5][6][7] Moreover, the practical applications of solar cells and triboelectric generators are still limited by their high cost and sophisticated fabrication processes.Among the various sustainable energy sources, wind power is of significant importance due to its universal availability and relatively good continuity, since it exists day and night. [8] Wind power can be easily harvested and converted into efficient electricity by using a low cost winddriven generator (WDG). [9,10] Compared with triboelectric electricity, the electricity produced by wind power delivers high output current and voltage. [11] Recently, the development of wind power harvesting in close conjunction with energy storage has attracted a great deal of research interest. Previous works have focused on integrating WDG with supercapacitors (SCs), due to the fast charging-discharging capability and long cycle life of SCs. [12][13][14] Nevertheless, the key in this field is how to develop the SCs with low electrical resistance, which can reduce energy loss to ensure high conversion efficiency of wind power generation, while well-maintaining high energy density to sufficiently store the harvested energy. [13][14][15] Accordingly, it is more desirable to build a windcharging power system by integrating sustainable wind power harvesting and high-performance SCs with low resistance and high energy density.To meet the demand for portable and wearable electronics, wire-shaped SCs (WSSCs) hold great promise owing to their low weight, tiny volume, and high flexibility. [16][17][18][19] Zhi and coworkers rationally fabricated flexible SCs [20] and WSSCs with shape memory function [21,22] for smart energy storage textiles, as well as built self-powered systems by integrating smart SCs with a photodetector and sensor. [23,24] As we know, carbon fiber Wind power harvesting in conjunction with supercapacitors (SCs) has attracted considerable attention. Nevertheless, the bottleneck in this field is how to develop SCs with low electrical resistance and high energy density.Herein, an ingenious strategy to integrate wind power harvesting and asymmetric wire-shaped SCs (WSSCs) has been put forward for the first time. Remarkably, the asymmetric WSSCs are realized by using vertical FeOOH and CoNi 2 S 4 nanosheet-array-coated flexible carbon fibers as negative and positive yarn electrodes, in which a vertically oriented and cross-linked porous network, formed by electroactive nanosheet arrays, facilitates ionic diffusion and charge transport. Benefiting from an intriguing configuration, these asymmetric WSSCs, with superior flexibility and weavability, act as efficient energy storage devices, which exhibit low resistance, high volumetr...

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