Integrated Soft Ionotronic Skin with Stretchable and Transparent Hydrogel–Elastomer Ionic Sensors for Hand-Motion Monitoring

Gu, Guoying; Xu, Hui; Peng, Sai; Li, Ling; Chen, Sujie; Lu, Tongqing; Guo, Xiaojun

doi:10.1089/soro.2018.0116

Cited by 111 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Similar to electronics, iontronic conductors, resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes have also been widely repo rted. [74,79,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] Herein, we intend to only focus on a narrower definition of iontronic devices, which utilizes a new pressuresensing mechanism based on the interfacial EDL. Since the formal introduction of the "iontronic" term to the field of flexible pressure sensors in 2014, [100] its definition becomes gradually accepted by more and more researchers.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

First Decade of Interfacial Iontronic Sensing: From Droplet Sensors to Artificial Skins

et al. 2020

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Over the past decade, a brand‐new pressure‐ and tactile‐sensing modality, known as iontronic sensing has emerged, utilizing the supercapacitive nature of the electrical double layer (EDL) that occurs at the electrolytic–electronic interface, leading to ultrahigh device sensitivity, high noise immunity, high resolution, high spatial definition, optical transparency, and responses to both static and dynamic stimuli, in addition to thin and flexible device architectures. Together, it offers unique combination of enabling features to tackle the grand challenges in pressure‐ and tactile‐sensing applications, in particular, with recent interest and rapid progress in the development of robotic intelligence, electronic skin, wearable health as well as the internet‐of‐things, from both academic and industrial communities. A historical perspective of the iontronic sensing discovery, an overview of the fundamental working mechanism along with its device architectures, a survey of the unique material aspects and structural designs dedicated, and finally, a discussion of the newly enabled applications, technical challenges, and future outlooks are provided for this promising sensing modality with implementations. The state‐of‐the‐art developments of the iontronic sensing technology in its first decade are summarized, potentially providing a technical roadmap for the next wave of innovations and breakthroughs in this field.

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Section: Mechanisms and Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

First Decade of Interfacial Iontronic Sensing: From Droplet Sensors to Artificial Skins

et al. 2020

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“…By using high-density sensor electrodes and combined with approaches like the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, the recognition system can still get the original signal; only the corresponding relationship between the signal and electrodes is changed [59]. [50], [92], [161], (e-f) soft circuits [184], [185], (g) skin-integrated haptic device [186],(h) soft harvesting systems [187].…”

Section: B Increased Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7). Early on Kim et al [188] proposed the concept of epidermal electronics which served as a foundation for more recent cutting-edge applications of e-skin [50], [92], [162] and e-tattoos [161], [189], [190] for sensing applications. For haptic feedback, Yu et al [186] introduced a skin-integrated interface which can provide localized mechanical vibrations, and Chossat et al [191] proposed a soft skin-stretch device for augmented proprioceptive feedback.…”

Section: Soft Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Wearable Interfaces and Algorithms for Hand Gesture Recognition: A Survey

Jiang

Kang

Song

et al. 2022

IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng.

106

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Hands are vital in a wide range of fundamental daily activities, and neurological diseases that impede hand function can significantly affect quality of life. Wearable hand gesture interfaces hold promise to restore and assist hand function and to enhance human-human and human-computer communication. The purpose of this review was to synthesize current novel sensing interfaces and algorithms for hand gesture recognition, and the scope of applications covers rehabilitation, prosthesis control, sign language recognition, and human-computer interaction. Results showed that electrical, dynamic, acoustical/vibratory, and optical sensing were the primary input modalities in gesture recognition interfaces. Two categories of algorithms were identified: 1) classification algorithms for predefined, fixed hand poses and 2) regression algorithms for continuous finger and wrist joint angles. Conventional machine learning algorithms, including linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines, random forests, and non-negative matrix factorization, have been widely used for a variety of gesture recognition applications, and deep learning algorithms have more recently been applied to further facilitate the complex relationship between sensor signals and multi-articulated hand postures. Future research should focus on increasing recognition accuracy with larger hand gesture datasets, improving reliability and robustness for daily use outside of the laboratory, and developing softer, less obtrusive interfaces.

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“…[34][35][36][37][38] Although MMT can retard oxygen penetration and prevent the fire, the inorganic nature makes MMT an inefficient and fragile heat insulator. 38 In contrast, hydrogels with high-water content (typically 70-90 wt%) are considered an ideal biocompatible material for tissue engineering, 39 cell culture, 40,41 bioelectronics, 42,43 ionotronics, [44][45][46] soft sensors, and actuators. [47][48][49][50][51] The crosslinked hydrophilic porous structure of hydrogels can absorb, release water quickly, and maintain its structural integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable Flame-Retardant Skin for Soft Robotics with Hydrogel–Montmorillonite-Based Translucent Matrix

et al. 2022

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Flame-retardant coatings are crucial for intelligent systems operating in high-temperature (300-800°C) scenarios, which typically involve multi-joint discrete or continuous kinematic systems. These multi-segment motion generation systems call for conformable yet resilient skin for dexterous work, including firefighting, packaging inflammable substances, encapsulating energy storage devices, and preventing from burning. In fire scenes, a flameretardant soft robot shall protect integrated electronic components safely and work for navigation and surveillance effectively. Here, we establish fire-resistant robotic mechanisms with montmorillonite (MMT)-biocompatible hydrogel skin, offering effective flame retardancy (*78°C surface temperature after 3 min in fire) and high postfire stretchability (*360% uniaxial tensile strain). Fatigue test results in the MMT-hydrogel polymer matrix to portray a change in post-fire energy consumption of *21% (between the first cycle and the 200th cycle), further indicating robustness. MMT-hydrogel synthetic skin medium is then applied to everyday household items and electronics, offering appealing protections in fire scenes (£10% capacitance loss after 3 min and £14% diode lightintensity loss after 1 min in fire). We deploy shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated inchworm-, starfish-, and snaillike locomotion (average velocity *12 mm$min -1 ) for translating inside fire applications. With the stretchable and flame-retardant translucent barriers, the MMT-hydrogel skinned soft robots demonstrate stable compression/ relaxation cycles (25 cycles) within flames (4 min 10 s) while protecting the electronic components inside in fire scene. We solve the agility vs. endurance conundrum in this article with SMA actuation independently via Joule heating without a cross-talk from the surrounding high-temperature arena.

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Integrated Soft Ionotronic Skin with Stretchable and Transparent Hydrogel–Elastomer Ionic Sensors for Hand-Motion Monitoring

Cited by 111 publications

References 52 publications

First Decade of Interfacial Iontronic Sensing: From Droplet Sensors to Artificial Skins

First Decade of Interfacial Iontronic Sensing: From Droplet Sensors to Artificial Skins

Emerging Wearable Interfaces and Algorithms for Hand Gesture Recognition: A Survey

Highly Stretchable Flame-Retardant Skin for Soft Robotics with Hydrogel–Montmorillonite-Based Translucent Matrix

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