Integrated scheduling and synthesis of control applications on distributed embedded systems

Abstract

Abstract

Technologies and Methodologies Enabling Reliable Real-Time Wireless Automation

“…The schedule and retransmissions of the network used in wireless automation determine when information is available to the control system, and hence affect the control operation. There exists work where the actual network MAC protocol and related functions such as duty-cycle (Marco et al, 2010), or routing and schedule (Samii et al, 2009;Weiss et al, 2009) are taken into account in the control stability proof. These rely on a predetermined schedule, whereupon the controller stability is proven.…”

“…Current wireless control system research has its roots in networked control system theory, as the issues of a shared communication medium are the same, mainly related to variable communication time-delays and packet losses, and system architecture design, see (Willig, 2008). Both fields deal with network protocols (Akkaya & Younis, 2005;Marco et al, 2010), transmission scheduling (Weiss et al 2009), communication and control co-scheduling (Samii et al, 2009), traffic reduction (Lian et al, 2002), congestion control (Velasco et al, 2004), estimation (Nebot et al, 1999), LQG control with packet drop (Gupta et al, 2007), Kalman filtering (Sinopoli et al, 2004), controller tuning , control performance (Lian et al, 2001), and control stability (Cervin et al, 2004;Gupta et al, 2007;Kao & Lincoln, 2004;Weiss et al, 2009). The main difference between NCSs and WiNCSs is that wireless communication is less deterministic because of interference and finite communication range, but problems with wiring and failing connectors are eliminated.…”

“…Retransmission can take place on the slots allocated for random access, or on extra slots allocated in the schedule. Current research related to the standards is, for instance, communication and controller scheduling (Samii et al, 2009) and the optimality of the time/frequency-slot scheduling and routing (Weiss et al, 2009). Despite the wireless communication, the devices may still have wired power, because of large power requirements of the sensor or, usually, the actuator.…”

Resource-aware Automotive Control Systems Design: A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach

“…Control loops closed over CAN are discussed and illustrated on a train car. In Samii et al [2009], communication delay and jitter resulting from complex timing behavior are considered. A method integrating controller design and message scheduling is developed to optimize the overall control performance.…”

Design Optimization and Synthesis of FlexRay Parameters for Embedded Control Applications

“…In our previous work, we proposed a framework [12] for scheduling and synthesis of multiple control applications on computer networks with TTP or CAN communication. Figure 1 shows a general overview of our design tool, featuring an optimization loop for the decision of sampling periods for each control application in the system.…”