Integrated Sample Preparation and MALDI Mass Spectrometry on a Microfluidic Compact Disk

Gustafsson, Magnus; Hirschberg, Daniel; Palmberg, Carina; Jörnvall, Hans; Bergman, Tomas

doi:10.1021/ac030194b

Cited by 125 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Most currently built microfluidic systems contain the liquids in closed pipes and use body forces (e.g., gravity or centrifugal forces) [4], electroosmosis, capillary wicking, or simply applied pressure to generate flow. Driving these systems is relatively straightforward, but there are major drawbacks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shear Flow Pumping in Open Micro- and Nanofluidic Systems

2007

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We propose to drive open microfluidic systems by shear in a covering fluid layer, e.g., oil covering water-filled chemical channels. The advantages as compared to other means of pumping are simpler forcing and prevention of evaporation of volatile components. We calculate the expected throughput for straight channels and show that devices can be built with off-the-shelf technology. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that this concept is scalable down to the nanoscale.Progressive miniaturization and integration of chemical and physical processes into microfluidic systems, so-called "chemical chips", is expected to permit cheap mass production and to facilitate the handling of much smaller quantities than standard laboratory equipment [1,2,3]. Most currently built microfluidic systems contain the liquids in closed pipes and use body forces (e.g., gravity or centrifugal forces) [4], electroosmosis, capillary wicking, or simply applied pressure to generate flow. Driving these systems is relatively straightforward, but there are major drawbacks. Small pipes get easily clogged (in particular while processing biological fluids which contain large molecules such as proteins or DNA), driving gets increasingly difficult with reduced cross section, and fabrication more challenging.Open microfluidic systems are a second line of development which can overcome these problems. As demonstrated experimentally [5,6] and theoretically [7,8], fluids can be guided on flat solid surfaces by wettability patterns, e.g., hydrophilic stripes on an otherwise hydrophobic substrate. Several methods to generate flow in such "chemical channels" have been discussed: capillary forces (i.e., wicking into channels or motion due to wettability gradients) [5], electrowetting [9,10], thermally generated Marangoni forces (e.g., in arrays of local heaters) [11,12], body forces, surface acoustic waves [13], or combinations of these. While capillary forces can only induce flow over relatively short distances, electrode and heater arrays require complex sample structures. Surface acoustic waves can only drive drops which are large compared with the wavelength (in general on the micron scale), and high rotation velocities are required to obtain sufficiently strong centrifugal forces.As illustrated in Fig. 1 we propose to use shear, generated in a covering fluid layer (e.g., oil on water), to induce flow over long length scales, e.g., across the whole device. A top plate moving with respect to the bottom patterned substrate generates shear in the oil which fills the gap between the two plates and, in turn, the oil will induce flow in a chemical channel covered with, e.g., water. This principle can be realized in a device with two circular plates rotating relative to each other and the chemical patterning can be implemented with standard printing techniques [14,15]. Design and scalability of shear driven systems is similar to body force driven devices and the same type of surface tension driven pearling instabilities occur in straight channels [8]. In b...

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confidence: 99%

Shear Flow Pumping in Open Micro- and Nanofluidic Systems

2007

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“…During this deposition step, the disk rotation rate is controlled to match the bulk flow rate to the solvent evaporation rate at the target, ensuring that sample/matrix cocrystallization occurs entirely within the pad area over a 2 min elution period. Using BSA digest, protein identification was successfully demonstrated with the MALDI-CD technology, with three tryptic peptides detected for a protein loading level of only 50 amol [70]. The platform has Figure 6.…”

Section: Microfluidic/target Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The platform has Figure 6. Gyros MALDI CD sample processing steps, consisting of (a) sample introduction, (b) washing and elution, and (c) sample/matrix co-crystallization on a 200 mm x 400 mm gold pad located on the outer surface of the microfluidic disk [70]. also been applied to the analysis of differential protein expression levels within colorectal cancer samples [71].…”

Section: Microfluidic/target Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic technologies for MALDI‐MS in proteomics

DeVoe

Lee

2006

Electrophoresis

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The field of microfluidics continues to offer great promise as an enabling technology for advanced analytical tools. For biomolecular analysis, there is often a critical need to couple on-chip microfluidic sample manipulation with back-end MS. Though interfacing microfluidics to MS has been most often reported through the use of direct ESI-MS, there are compelling reasons for coupling microfluidics to MALDI-MS as an alternative to ESI-MS for both online and offline analysis. The intent of this review is to provide a summary of recent developments in the integration of microfluidic systems with MALDI-MS, with an emphasis on applications in proteomics. Key points are summarized, followed by a review of relevant technologies and a discussion of outlook for the field.

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“…These CDs can processes 96 protein samples in parallel [13]. An example of this technology is the MALDI SP1 CD Microlaboratory made by Gyrolab.…”

Section: Automated Gel Electrophoresis and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation, parallelism, and robotics for proteomics

et al. 2006

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The speed of the human genome project (Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C. et al., Nature 2001, 409, 860-921) was made possible, in part, by developments in automation of sequencing technologies. Before these technologies, sequencing was a laborious, expensive, and personnel-intensive task. Similarly, automation and robotics are changing the field of proteomics today. Proteomics is defined as the effort to understand and characterize proteins in the categories of structure, function and interaction (Englbrecht, C. C., Facius, A., Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen. 2005, 8, 705-715). As such, this field nicely lends itself to automation technologies since these methods often require large economies of scale in order to achieve cost and time-saving benefits. This article describes some of the technologies and methods being applied in proteomics in order to facilitate automation within the field as well as in linking proteomicsbased information with other related research areas.

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Integrated Sample Preparation and MALDI Mass Spectrometry on a Microfluidic Compact Disk

Cited by 125 publications

References 21 publications

Shear Flow Pumping in Open Micro- and Nanofluidic Systems

Shear Flow Pumping in Open Micro- and Nanofluidic Systems

Microfluidic technologies for MALDI‐MS in proteomics

Automation, parallelism, and robotics for proteomics

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