Integrated risk assessment and endocrine disrupters

Bridges, Jim; Bridges, Olga

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.033

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Under whatever definition, there are as yet few examples of its practical application. Bridges and Bridges [ 21 ], however, outline how it can be used to assess the risks from multiple exposures associated with endocrine disrupting agents, by considering agents that have a common mechanism or effect. Likewise, Ross and Birnbaum [ 22 ] describe its potential application to persistent organic pollutants (POPs).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for integrated environmental health impact assessment of systemic risks

2008

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Traditional methods of risk assessment have provided good service in support of policy, mainly in relation to standard setting and regulation of hazardous chemicals or practices. In recent years, however, it has become apparent that many of the risks facing society are systemic in naturecomplex risks, set within wider social, economic and environmental contexts. Reflecting this, policy-making too has become more wide-ranging in scope, more collaborative and more precautionary in approach. In order to inform such policies, more integrated methods of assessment are needed. Based on work undertaken in two large EU-funded projects (INTARESE and HEIMTSA), this paper reviews the range of approaches to assessment now in used, proposes a framework for integrated environmental health impact assessment (both as a basis for bringing together and choosing between different methods of assessment, and extending these to more complex problems), and discusses some of the challenges involved in conducting integrated assessments to support policy.Integrated environmental health impact assessment is defined as a means of assessing health-related problems deriving from the environment, and health-related impacts of policies and other interventions that affect the environment, in ways that take account of the complexities, interdependencies and uncertainties of the real world. As such, it depends heavily on how issues are selected and framed, and implies the involvement of stakeholders both in issue-framing and design of the assessment, and to help interpret and evaluate the results. It is also a comparative process, which involves evaluating and comparing different scenarios. It consequently requires the ability to model the way in which the influences of exogenous factors, such as policies or other interventions, feed through the environment to affect health. Major challenges thus arise. Chief amongst these are the difficulties in ensuring effective stakeholder participation, in dealing with the multicausal and non-linear nature of many of the relationships between environment and health, and in taking account of adaptive and behavioural changes that characterise the systems concerned.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for integrated environmental health impact assessment of systemic risks

2008

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“…A harmonised approach to food safety across the EU, including the Accession States, is essential to meet growing public concerns (Bridges & Bridges, 2004). For the Cyprus economy dependant on tourism, high confidence in the safety of its food is vital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small businesses – Big risks: Current status and future direction of HACCP in Cyprus

Violaris

Bridges

2008

Food Control

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“…Since environmental impacts affecting the laying female may also influence the androgen concentrations of the egg, they may exert an effect on the development of the hatched offspring as well (Lipar, 2001;Bridges and Bridges, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The question was whether corticosterone transfer into eggs could serve as a potential physiological marker characterising the welfare and stress status of laying hens. We also wished to find evidence for the involvement of presumed environmental endocrine disrupters (Bridges and Bridges, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the type of management system on corticosterone transfer into eggs in laying hens

Sas¹,

Domány²,

Gyimóthy

et al. 2006

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The effect of free-range versus cage management system on corticosterone transfer into the eggs was studied in laying hens. Hungarian Yellow laying hens (age: 21 weeks, body weight: 2.0 ± 0.5 kg) were divided into two groups in the spring: Group I, free-range keeping (n = 15 layers, density: > 0.5 bird/m 2 ) in outdoor runs, with continuous access to a commercial layer feed; Group II, hens kept in battery cages (n = 17 layers, density: 2 birds/m 2 , natural light, continuous access to feed and water). Eggs were collected after a one-week adaptation period on days 2, 7 and 16. Corticosterone (CST) was extracted from homogenised egg samples using an ASE-200 Accelerated Solvent Extractor and then assayed by liquid chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [Thermo Quest Surveyor high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced via Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation (APCI) ion source to Finnigan/Thermo Quest LCQ Deca MS/MS] using dexamethasone as internal standard with positive APCI ionisation. CST concentrations of whole eggs laid by free-range hens on days 2, 7 and 16 were 0.370 ± 0.218, 0.259 ± 0.066 and 0.915 ± 0.745 ng·g -1 , respectively, while those of eggs laid by caged hens were 0.206 ± 0.157, 0.223 ± 0.165 and 0.184 ± 0.110 ng·g -1 at the above sampling times. It is concluded that in free-range laying hens the sharp changes of environmental weather conditions significantly increased the corticosterone content of eggs, while the environmentally controlled and closed battery cage management technology resulted in relatively uniform corticosterone concentrations in the whole eggs.

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Integrated risk assessment and endocrine disrupters

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

A framework for integrated environmental health impact assessment of systemic risks

A framework for integrated environmental health impact assessment of systemic risks

Small businesses – Big risks: Current status and future direction of HACCP in Cyprus

Influence of the type of management system on corticosterone transfer into eggs in laying hens

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