Abstract:Integrated-resonant units (IRUs), associating various meta-atoms, resonant modes, and functionalities into one supercell, have been promising candidates for tailoring composite and multifunctional electromagnetic responses with additional degrees of freedom. Integrated-resonant metadevices can overcome many bottlenecks in conventional optical devices, such as broadband achromatism, efficiency enhancement, response selectivity, and continuous tunability, offering great potential for performant and versatile app… Show more
“…Higher MTF values signify superior contrast reproduction and sharper images. The MTF calculation is given by x y (8) Figure 5a shows the MTF results for the varifocal metalenses, considering three incident polarization angles (0°, 45°, and 90°). These results are compared against the diffraction limit from an ideal circular aperture to evaluate the quality of the focal spots.…”
Section: T H Imentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Operating as flat lenses, metalenses offer unique advantages over traditional lenses. − One key advantage is their compactness and reduced complexity. Metalenses can be fabricated on thin, flexible substrates, enabling easy integration into compact devices and overcoming the bulkiness associated with conventional lens systems. − This miniaturization potential is particularly valuable in applications such as smartphone cameras, augmented reality displays, , and medical imaging . The design flexibility of metalenses allows for customized optical properties tailored to specific applications such as edge-enhanced and functional imaging. − Via the precise tailoring of the geometry and arrangement of nanostructures, metalenses can exhibit unique characteristics, including achromatic behavior , and multifunctional focusing effects. , Furthermore, the concept of a varifocal metalens takes this design flexibility to the next level by incorporating active materials that respond to external stimuli. , When these stimuli are controlled, the varifocal metalenses can change their physical shape or effective refractive index of the surrounding environment, thereby dynamically altering their focal length.…”
Traditional
varifocal lenses are bulky and mechanically complex.
Emerging active metalenses promise compactness and design flexibility
but face issues like mechanical tuning reliability and nonlinear focal
length tuning due to additional medium requirements. In this work,
we propose a varifocal metalens design based on superimposing light
intensity distributions from two orthogonal polarization states. This
approach enables continuous and precise focal length control within
the visible spectrum, while maintaining relatively high focusing efficiencies
(∼41% in simulation and ∼28% in measurement) and quality.
In experimental validation, the metalens exhibited flexible tunability,
with the focal length continuously adjustable between two spatial
positions upon variation of the incident polarization angle. The MTF
results showed high contrast reproduction and sharp imaging, with
a Strehl ratio of >0.7 for all polarization angles. With compactness,
design flexibility, and high focusing quality, the proposed varifocal
metalens holds potential for diverse applications, advancing adaptive
and versatile optical devices.
“…Higher MTF values signify superior contrast reproduction and sharper images. The MTF calculation is given by x y (8) Figure 5a shows the MTF results for the varifocal metalenses, considering three incident polarization angles (0°, 45°, and 90°). These results are compared against the diffraction limit from an ideal circular aperture to evaluate the quality of the focal spots.…”
Section: T H Imentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Operating as flat lenses, metalenses offer unique advantages over traditional lenses. − One key advantage is their compactness and reduced complexity. Metalenses can be fabricated on thin, flexible substrates, enabling easy integration into compact devices and overcoming the bulkiness associated with conventional lens systems. − This miniaturization potential is particularly valuable in applications such as smartphone cameras, augmented reality displays, , and medical imaging . The design flexibility of metalenses allows for customized optical properties tailored to specific applications such as edge-enhanced and functional imaging. − Via the precise tailoring of the geometry and arrangement of nanostructures, metalenses can exhibit unique characteristics, including achromatic behavior , and multifunctional focusing effects. , Furthermore, the concept of a varifocal metalens takes this design flexibility to the next level by incorporating active materials that respond to external stimuli. , When these stimuli are controlled, the varifocal metalenses can change their physical shape or effective refractive index of the surrounding environment, thereby dynamically altering their focal length.…”
Traditional
varifocal lenses are bulky and mechanically complex.
Emerging active metalenses promise compactness and design flexibility
but face issues like mechanical tuning reliability and nonlinear focal
length tuning due to additional medium requirements. In this work,
we propose a varifocal metalens design based on superimposing light
intensity distributions from two orthogonal polarization states. This
approach enables continuous and precise focal length control within
the visible spectrum, while maintaining relatively high focusing efficiencies
(∼41% in simulation and ∼28% in measurement) and quality.
In experimental validation, the metalens exhibited flexible tunability,
with the focal length continuously adjustable between two spatial
positions upon variation of the incident polarization angle. The MTF
results showed high contrast reproduction and sharp imaging, with
a Strehl ratio of >0.7 for all polarization angles. With compactness,
design flexibility, and high focusing quality, the proposed varifocal
metalens holds potential for diverse applications, advancing adaptive
and versatile optical devices.
“…[ 17–24 ] When designing a PEC‐PD, not only the photoelectric conversion of materials, but also the efficiency of interface chemical reaction should be taken into account. [ 25–29 ] Nanowire (NW) structure provides a larger area of solid‐liquid reaction interface, exhibiting natural advantages in PEC‐PDs. [ 30–36 ] As the cornerstone in the field of optoelectronics, nitride semiconductors demonstrate outstanding optoelectronic properties, wide bandgap and excellent chemical stability.…”
Undersea optical communication (UOC) has been considered as the most potential next‐generation underwater wireless communication technology for ocean exploration. Photodetector is the essential component in UOC system, however, the harsh undersea environment like light attenuation and seawater corrosivity restricts the applications of conventional photodetectors. Herein, a novel natural‐electrolyte self‐powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetector based on core‐shell structured Cu@GaN nanowires (NWs) network is demonstrated and direct utilization of seawater. High quality GaN shell is encapsulated on the Cu NWs network through Ga‐coating and high temperature nitridation processes. A Schottky junction along radial direction has formed at the Cu/GaN interface due to the outward diffusion of Cu into the GaN layer. Such a structure provides narrowed band detection on blue light as well as efficient carrier separation. A self‐powered undersea PEC photodetector is designed with a mini‐pipes connected device chamber, which allows direct indrawing of seawater and blue channel light communication (458 nm). This photodetector works stably for UOC in both shallow and deep‐sea conditions in Pacific Ocean area. It shows a high responsivity up to 5.04 mA W−1 and rapid response time of 0.68 ms. This photodetector can be easily integrated to marine equipment without waterproof packaging for the future energy‐saving UOC.
“…Integrated-resonant units (IRUs), associating various meta-atoms, resonant modes, and functionalities into one supercell, have been proposed to overcome this bottleneck, which provides additional degrees of freedom for controlling composite and multifunctional optical responses. , Considering the constituting materials, all-dielectric IRUs with high aspect ratios enable waveguide-like resonances with different orders . These resonances are mainly located inside the material and have a weak interaction with others, so the phase dispersion is mostly contributed by the propagation phase based on the effective refractive index and height of nanostructures.…”
Achromatic meta-lenses have shown great promise in ultracompact and full-color optical devices. Their performances, including size, bandwidth, and numerical aperture, are originally restricted by the phase compensation provided by functional metaatoms. Integrated-resonant units (IRUs), associating various meta-atoms, resonant modes, and functionalities into one supercell, are efficient candidates for large phase compensation in broadband achromatic meta-lenses. In this work, we propose nonlocal plasmonic IRUs with multiple nanorods to boost the phase compensation in an achromatic meta-lens over the visible band ranging from 400 to 660 nm. By exciting local and nonlocal plasmonic resonances and manipulating their interactions, the resonance phase can be flexibly controlled, achieving an effective group delay range (Δφ max − Δφ min )/Δω of 42.5 fs. Spherical and spiral achromatic meta-lenses are both demonstrated. To demonstrate the functionality of IRUs, an efficiency-enhanced achromatic meta-lens composed of six types of dielectric IRUs is designed by tailoring the field distribution and phase difference between two in-plane orthogonal directions. This work offers a novel design scheme for large-scale high-efficiency achromatic meta-lenses and facilitates their practical applications in advanced imaging and display.
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