Integrated processing of fresh Indian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries and chemical evaluation of products

Abstract

An efficient pilot-scale process was developed to produce nutraceutical products from fresh sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries. Fresh berries were subjected to high-pressure dewatering using a continuous screw press. The separated liquid phase containing 80-90% of pulp oil was clarified at 80 • C and centrifuged to obtain pulp oil, clear juice and sludge. The pulp oil yield was 2.7-2.8% of fresh berry weight with 66-70% extraction efficiency. The pulp oil was remarkably rich in carotenoids (2450-2810 mg kg −1 ), tocopherols (1409-1599 mg kg −1 ) and sterols (4096-4403 mg kg −1 ), with a characteristic fresh berry flavour and 16:1 as the major fatty acid (45.6-49.1%). The clear juice obtained was free from oil and contained high amounts of vitamin C (1683-1840 mg kg −1 ) and phytochemicals such as polyphenols (2392-2821 mg kg −1 ) and flavonoids (340-401 mg kg −1 ). Isorhamnetin (251-310 mg kg −1 ) was the major flavonoid in the juice, along with quercetin (77-81 mg kg −1 ) and kaempherol (12-16 mg kg −1 ). The juice was very acidic (pH 3), with high concentrations of organic acids (30.8-36.0 g kg −1 ). High-performance liquid chromatography profiling of organic acids revealed quinic acid (18.1-19.9 g kg −1 ) as the major acid in the juice. The seeds in the pressed cake were separated and extracted for oil using supercritical CO 2 .

Red pepper (Capsicum annuum) carotenoids as a source of natural food colors: analysis and stability—a review

“…In addition, CO 2 presents a low critical temperature value (Tc 31.8°C), making it ideal for extraction of thermally labile compounds like carotenoids. SFE methods particularly using SC-CO 2 for the carotenoid extraction from fruits and vegetables including capsicum have been described by many authors (Illés et al 1999;Uquiche et al 2004;Arimboor et al 2006). In SC-CO 2 extraction, larger extraction volume, higher pressure, lower particle size and the use of ethanol or acetone as co-solvents have been reported to yield more pigments from red pepper (Jaren-Galan et al 1999;Ambrogi et al 2002;Uquiche et al 2004;Tepic et al 2009).…”

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“…[28,29] (4), [30] and flavonol glycoside rutin (Quercetin -3-O-rutinoside) ( Figures 3 and 4) reported from the fruits, seeds and leaves by various authors. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Further, quercetin-3-O-galactoside flavonoid glycoside was reported from fruits, seeds, and leaves. [35,36] Other chemical constituents reported from the fruits are fatty acids such as 2-hydroxydecanoic acid, nona-7-enoic acid, undec-9-en-7-ynoic acid, 13-phenyl tridecanoic acid, 5,9,21-nonacosatrienoic acid, and 1,3-dicapryloyl-2-linoleoylglycerol.…”

“…[41] In addition, both fruits and seed oil yielded carotenoids (β-carotene), tocopherols (α-, β-and γ-T, α-T3, δ-T3, γ-T3+δ-T), tocotrienol and sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol). [31,41] Palmitoleic acid is used to treat wounds.…”

Comparison of the contents of various antioxidants of sea buckthorn berries using CE

“…Various parts of sea buckthorn, especially berries, were used in traditional medicines, mainly in Far East and Middle Asia [2,3]. The berries have been used as raw materials for foods and medicines for centuries in China and Russia.…”

“…Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a hardy bush, which belongs to the Elaeagnaceae family and naturally distributed over Asia and Europe [1,2]. Various parts of sea buckthorn, especially berries, were used in traditional medicines, mainly in Far East and Middle Asia [2,3].…”