Integrated Process Configuration for High-Temperature Sulfur Mitigation during Biomass Conversion via Indirect Gasification

Abstract

amount of design data, more analysis should be performed for mixed alcohols synthesis to examine biomass-optimized configurations including recycle for maximum conversion and the resulting economics. All biomass fuels have potential to significantly reduce the import of petroleum products. Additionally, economies of scale can play a large factor in lowering the product cost. Therefore, opportunities to co-feed with coal or natural gas systems may be one way to get renewable fuels into the marketplace, just as co-firing biomass with coal is being done in the power generation industry. The impetus for this extensive literature review is the recent reorganization of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) into eleven new Program Offices. EERE's mission is to strengthen US energy security, environmental quality, and economic health. The Office of Biomass Program is one of these newly created offices. Its goal is developing technologies to transform our abundant biomass resources into clean, affordable, and domestically-produced biofuels, biopower, and high-value bioproducts resulting in economic development, energy supply options, and energy security. In this context, commercially available and nearcommercial syngas conversion processes were evaluated on technological, environmental, and economic bases. This report serves as a first step. Additional, more detailed analyses are required to identify promising, cost-effective fuel synthesis technologies where biomass thermochemical conversion could make an impact. iii Table 1: Summary of Product Information-Facts, Advantages, & Disadvantages Product Facts Advantages Disadvantages H 2 Largest use of syngas Predominately made via SMR Appears to be the most cost competitive option for biomass Automakers working on H 2 fueled vehicles Table of Contents Executive Summary/Conclusions .

Technoeconomic Analysis for the Production of Mixed Alcohols via Indirect Gasification of Biomass Based on Demonstration Experiments

“…This can be advantageously incorporated into the design of biomass and other gasification-based processes in a number of ways. Byproduct CO 2 can be made available and possibly even recycled to extinction via conventional acid gas removal systems or direct recycle of CO 2 -rich gas streams from the process, and can be used for fluidization of biomass in the gasifier to reduce process steam requirements . For example, CO 2 is a byproduct from the mixed alcohol synthesis and Fischer–Tropsch reactors using iron-based catalysts because of the water-gas shift reaction.…”

Warm Cleanup of Coal-Derived Syngas: Multicontaminant Removal Process Demonstration

“…In addition, depending upon the gasifier type and gasification temperature, the syngas product may contain polyaromatic organic constituents called “tars” that can condense and polymerize downstream, affecting unit operations and/or catalysts (Table ). A warm syngas cleanup process that uses solid sorbents as well as catalysts for the removal of the various harmful contaminants, especially but not limited to sulfur gases, would eliminate this significant thermal inefficiency …”

“…2 A warm syngas cleanup process that uses solid sorbents as well as catalysts for the removal of the various harmful contaminants, especially but not limited to sulfur gases, would eliminate this significant thermal inefficiency. 3 Syngas from coal can contain as much as 3 wt % sulfur (mainly as H 2 S), whereas the concentration of sulfur in the gasification product from most biomass feedstocks is typically much less and on the order of 100 ppm (Table 1). 2 To protect downstream catalysts, it has been reported that the sulfur concentration must be reduced to less than 50 ppb.…”

Fabrication and Fractality of Fe2O3-CeO2/ZSM-5 Composites for High-Temperature Desulfurization

“…It can greatly enhance the power generation efficiency and lower the pollutant emissions causing environmental pollution [1][2][3]. In an IGCC power plant, hot coal gas containing amounts of sulfur compounds is first purified and then introduced into gas turbines for generating electricity.…”