Integrated Passive Device-Based Gas Sensor Combined with PANI/SnO₂ Composites for Ammonia Detection

Abstract

This paper investigates the application of microwave-transduction-based sensors in gas detection. An optimized microwave resonator sensor based on integrated passive device (IPD) technology coated with PANI/SnO2 composites that changes its dielectric properties under ammonia (NH3) exposure is developed. PANI/SnO2 is an organic–inorganic composite that exhibits good response and recovery capability to ammonia at room temperature, establishing the foundation for a microwave detection scheme. The performance of the gas sensor under a 10–120 ppm ammonia environment is studied by observing the microwave parameters of the microwave sensor, with the frequency shifts of 0.299 and 0.925 MHz/ppm at low (10–60 ppm) and high (60–120 ppm) concentration levels at room temperature (20 °C) and 40% relative humidity (RH). In addition, a capacitive device based on micro–nano processing technology is fabricated to study the gas sensing mechanism and observe the relationship between PANI/SnO2 composites under different ammonia environments and the variation of dielectric properties.

1,2,4,5-Benzene Tetracarboxylic Acid-Doped Polyaniline/Protonated Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Cr(VI) Adsorption in Water

“…Notwithstanding these findings, conjugated PANI faces a few inconveniences, like limited mechanical and thermal resilience along with minute particle dimensions, which can restrict its applicability . To deal with the shortcomings of PANI, there have been some new advances in PANI-based composites with a variety of materials, such as PANI-ZrWPO 4 , Pt/CNT@PANI, PANI/zeolite HY/TiO 2 , cellulose/phytic acid/polyaniline hydrogel, UiO-66/PANI, hierarchical Ti 3 C 2 TX@PANI, PANI/SnO 2 , etc.…”