Integrated Parallel Flow Cytometry Device with Time Gated Spads

Shindo, Takahiro; Mitsunaka, Takeshi; Fujimoto, Yoshihisa; Iizuka, Kunihiko; Tago, Saori; Takayama, Yoshihisa; Fujii, Teruo; Kim, Soo Hyeon

doi:10.1109/transducers.2019.8808368

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since in conventional TCSPC the probability of photon detection is kept below one photon per measurement window to avoid an underestimation of the FL by the pile-up effect as a result of detector’s dead time (typically tens of ns) [ 14 ], TSCPC generally requires long measurement times. This is extremely crucial when it comes to highly dynamic applications such as flow cytometry [ 15 ] or high-speed imaging [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages and Limitations of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements Using Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Array Detector: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Study

Netaev

Schierbaum

Seidl

2022

Sensors

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Fast fluorescence lifetime (FL) determination is a major factor for studying dynamic processes. To achieve a required precision and accuracy a certain number of photon counts must be detected. FL methods based on single-photon counting have strongly limited count rates because of the detector’s pile-up issue and are suffering from long measurement times in the order of tens of seconds. Here, we present an experimental and Monte Carlo simulation-based study of how this limitation can be overcome using array detectors based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). We investigated the maximum count rate per pixel to determine FL with a certain precision and accuracy before pile-up occurs. Based on that, we derived an analytical expression to calculate the total measurement time which is proportional to the FL and inversely proportional to the number of pixels. However, a higher number of pixels drastically increases data rate. This can be counteracted by lowering the time resolution. We found that even with a time resolution of four times the FL, an accuracy of 10% can be achieved. Taken all together, FLs between 10 ns and 3 ns can be determined with a 300-pixel SPAD array detector with a measurement time and data rate less than 1 µs and 700 Mbit/s, respectively. This shows the enormous potential of SPAD array detector for high-speed applications requiring continuous data read out.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages and Limitations of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements Using Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Array Detector: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Study

Netaev

Schierbaum

Seidl

2022

Sensors

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“…Besides, integrated electronic sensors fabricated by this technology enable LOC devices to analyze and monitor the reagent. For instance, CMOS image sensors [13] and single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) have been integrated to realize fast flow cytometry [14] and fluorescence imaging [15] for monitoring fluid particles in fluid without a large microscope. Moreover, CMOS technology, which is based on the principle of transistors, enables microfluidic devices to analyze the reagent by optical detectors as well as electrical and mechanical detectors such as pH sensors known as ion sensitive FETs (ISFETs) [16] and integrated flow meter [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip CMOS-MEMS-Based Electroosmotic Flow Micropump Integrated With High-Voltage Generator

Okamoto

Ryoson

Fujimoto

et al. 2020

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

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The rapid development of microfluidic technology has increased the demand for the integration of driving circuits in the microfluidic devices. We have proposed a novel on-chip electroosmotic (EOF) micropump integrated with a high-voltage (HV) generator. The HV (49.8 V) generator is based on a Dickson charge pump, which is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate by the standard CMOS process, and the isolation is achieved by MEMS post-processed deep trench isolation. The size of the 49.8 V generator is 425×353 µ m 2 . The HV required for the successful operation of the micropump was generated by the integrated driving circuit with a low-voltage power supply. The maximum flow velocity and flow rate of the proposed EOF micropump were measured as 137 µ m/s and 167 nL/min, respectively when it was driven by the integrated 49.8 V generator. The efficiency of the micropump is demonstrated by comparing it with the previously reported micropumps. The proposed integration technique is reliable and effective, and potentially boosts the practical applications of lab-on-chip devices.

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Integrated Parallel Flow Cytometry Device with Time Gated Spads

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Advantages and Limitations of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements Using Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Array Detector: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Study

Advantages and Limitations of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements Using Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Array Detector: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Study

On-Chip CMOS-MEMS-Based Electroosmotic Flow Micropump Integrated With High-Voltage Generator

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