Integrated Paleoseismic Chronology of the Last Glacial Lake Lisan: From Lake Margin Seismites to Deep‐Lake Mass Transport Deposits

Kagan, Elisa J.; Stein, Mordechai; Marco, Shmuel

doi:10.1002/2017jb014117

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Combined with westerly-directed slumping recorded from the eastern shore of the Dead Sea in Jordan (El-Isa & Mustafa 1986), this confirms a radial pattern of MTD movement towards the depocentre of the Dead Sea Basin (Alsop et al 2016). The combined input of MTDs from around the margins of the basin leads to increased sediment accumulation in the depo-centre, with drill cores from the centre revealing numerous MTDs and the stratigraphic thickness of the Lisan Formation being three times greater than its currently exposed onshore equivalent (Lu et al, 2017;Kagan et al, 2018). In the extreme southern area, MTDs are directed towards the south and are interpreted to be influenced by the nearby NE-SW trending Amazyahu Fault (Weinberger et al 2017, Alsop et al 2018a2020) (Fig.…”

Section: 2) Regional Mtd Patternssupporting

confidence: 52%

Bed-parallel slip: Identifying missing displacement in mass transport deposits

Alsop

Weinberger

Marco

et al. 2020

Journal of Structural Geology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bed-parallel slip (BPS), where neighbouring beds slide past one another along bedding planes, is notoriously difficult to identify without reference to pre-existing features such as steep faults or dykes that act as markers to record BPS offset. While BPS is intuitively thought to operate during downslope sliding of mass transport deposits (MTDs) in sedimentary basins, there is a conspicuous lack of supporting outcrop or seismic data to corroborate this and BPS displacement may therefore have remained unaccounted for. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by investigating late-Pleistocene MTDs developed around the Dead Sea Basin and provides the first detailed analysis of BPS that pervades a gravity-driven setting. In particular, we examine the role of BPS that crosscuts earlier normal and reverse faults that act as markers to allow metre-scale patterns of horizontal displacement to be identified in MTDs. The studied BPS always forms with a consistent top-to-the east sense of offset that corresponds with gravity-driven downslope movement towards the depo-centre of the basin. BPS frequently develops adjacent to competent detrital-rich beds and forms discrete glide planes with little or no visible deformation in sediments on either margin, although detachment folds are occasionally developed above the slip plane and confirm directions of easterly movement. Early downslope-dipping normal faults that are cut by later BPS planes results in older over younger stratigraphic relationships across the BPS surface, together with 'sawtooth' patterns where multiple BPS planes have developed. Conversely, early upslope-dipping normal faults that are cut by BPS create younger over older stratigraphic relationships combined with missing section and 'staircase' patterns where multiple BPS planes exist. As BPS in subhorizontal sequences does not have a vertical component of displacement, it may be examined in terms of horizontal 'heave'. BPS increases heave in upslope-dipping normal faults, whereas it reduces heave in downslope-dipping normal faults and may even become negative where sections are repeated across sawtooth profiles. In addition, BPS increases heave in upslope-dipping reverse/thrust faults and reduces heave across downslope dipping 'backthrusts'. Although individual BPS planes may have limited displacement, the net consequence of multiple planes of BPS that form in the shallow-subsurface is to distort patterns and estimates of extension and contraction across fault zones in MTDs.

show abstract

Section: 2) Regional Mtd Patternssupporting

confidence: 52%

Bed-parallel slip: Identifying missing displacement in mass transport deposits

Alsop

Weinberger

Marco

et al. 2020

Journal of Structural Geology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…S2 ). Some muddy segments of the core, primarily during MIS2-4, comprise alternating aragonite (authigenic) and detritus (alochtonous) forming annual varves 50 , 74 , in places disturbed by slump sediments 44 . Aragonite precipitates from lake waters during dry season evaporation, and detritus is deposited by floods during the rainy season 45 , 55 , 57 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sedimentary deposits of Lake Lisan, the Pleistocene predecessor of the Dead Sea (ca. 85–14 ka 12 , 44 ), ranges in thickness from 20–40 m in its margins 12 , 45 – 48 , to 110 m in the deep basin 42 , 44 . Varved segments 45 , 46 , 49 – 52 are comprised of alternating authigenic aragonite, deposited during the dry season 53 – 56 , and fine-grained allochthonous detritus, delivered into the lake by floods during the rainy season 42 , 51 , 57 – 60 .…”

Section: Flood Climatology Lake Levels and The Geological Record Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing flood frequencies under opposing late Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean climates

Dor

Armon

Ahlborn

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Floods comprise a dominant hydroclimatic phenomenon in aridlands with significant implications for humans, infrastructure, and landscape evolution worldwide. The study of short-term hydroclimatic variability, such as floods, and its forecasting for episodes of changing climate therefore poses a dominant challenge for the scientific community, and predominantly relies on modeling. Testing the capabilities of climate models to properly describe past and forecast future short-term hydroclimatic phenomena such as floods requires verification against suitable geological archives. However, determining flood frequency during changing climate is rarely achieved, because modern and paleoflood records, especially in arid regions, are often too short or discontinuous. Thus, coeval independent climate reconstructions and paleoflood records are required to further understand the impact of climate change on flood generation. Dead Sea lake levels reflect the mean centennial-millennial hydrological budget in the eastern Mediterranean. In contrast, floods in the large watersheds draining directly into the Dead Sea, are linked to short-term synoptic circulation patterns reflecting hydroclimatic variability. These two very different records are combined in this study to resolve flood frequency during opposing mean climates. Two 700-year-long, seasonally-resolved flood time series constructed from late Pleistocene Dead Sea varved sediments, coeval with significant Dead Sea lake level variations are reported. These series demonstrate that episodes of rising lake levels are characterized by higher frequency of floods, shorter intervals between years of multiple floods, and asignificantly larger number of years that experienced multiple floods. In addition, floods cluster into intervals of intense flooding, characterized by 75% and 20% increased frequency above their respective background frequencies during rising and falling lake-levels, respectively. Mean centennial precipitation in the eastern Mediterranean is therefore coupled with drastic changes in flood frequencies. These drastic changes in flood frequencies are linked to changes in the track, depth, and frequency of mid-latitude eastern Mediterranean cyclones, determining mean climatology resulting in wetter and drier regional climatic episodes.

show abstract

“…are also marked. [Colour figure can be viewed at www.boreas.dk] common features in the core (Neugebauer et al 2014;Kagan et al 2018) and further add to the uncertainty of the chronology, but this can hardly be quantified. The age model of the older part of the core, reaching tõ 220 000 years, was constructed by U-Th dating on primary aragonite that was combined with wiggle matching of stable oxygen isotope signals from aragonite layers and lithological changes that have been tied to exposed sediment formations, and to stable oxygen isotope data from the Soreq Cave speleothem and the LR04 global marine stack (Torfstein et al 2015;Goldstein et al 2020).…”

Section: The Icdp Dead Sea Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptotephras in the Lateglacial ICDP Dead Sea sediment record and their implications for chronology

Neugebauer

Müller

Schwab

et al. 2021

Boreas

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to a lackof visible tephras in the Dead Sea record, this unique palaeoenvironmental archive is largely unconnected to the well-established Mediterranean tephrostratigraphy. Here we present first results of the ongoing search for cryptotephras in the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) sediment core from the deep Dead Seabasin. This study focusses on the Lateglacial (~15-11.4 cal. ka BP), when Lake Lisanthe precursorof the Dead Seashrank from its glacial highstand to the Holocene low levels. We developed a glass shard separation protocol and counting procedure that is adapted to the extreme salinity and sediment recycling of the Dead Sea. Cryptotephra is abundant in the Dead Sea record (up to~100 shards cm À3 ), but often glasses are physically and/or chemically altered. Six glass samples from five tephra horizons reveal a heterogeneous geochemical composition, with mainly rhyolitic and some trachytic glasses potentially sourced from Italian, Aegean and Anatolian volcanoes. Most shards likely originate from the eastern Anatolian volcanic province and can be correlated using major element analyses with tephra deposits from swarm eruptions of the S€ uphan Volcano~13 ka BP and with ashes from Nemrut Volcano, presumably the Lake Van V-16 volcanic layer at~13.8 ka BP. In addition to glasses that match the TM-10-1 from Lago Grande di Monticchio (15 820AE790 cal. a BP) tentatively correlated with the St. Angelo Tuff of Ischia, we further identified a cryptotephra with glass analyses which are chemically identical with those of the PhT1 tephra in the Philippon peat record (13.9-10.5 ka BP), and also a compositional match for the glass analyses of the Santorini Cape Riva Tephra (Y-2 marine tephra, 22 024AE642 cal. a BP). These first results demonstrate the great potential of cryptotephrochronology in the Dead Sea record for improving its chronology and connecting the Levantine region to the Mediterranean tephra framework.

show abstract

Integrated Paleoseismic Chronology of the Last Glacial Lake Lisan: From Lake Margin Seismites to Deep‐Lake Mass Transport Deposits

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

Bed-parallel slip: Identifying missing displacement in mass transport deposits

Bed-parallel slip: Identifying missing displacement in mass transport deposits

Changing flood frequencies under opposing late Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean climates

Cryptotephras in the Lateglacial ICDP Dead Sea sediment record and their implications for chronology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About