Integrated Optimization of Bus Bridging Route Design and Bus Resource Allocation in Response to Metro Service Disruptions

Resilience-based optimization model for emergency bus bridging and dispatching in response to metro operational disruptions

“…To verify the advantages of the proposed model, it was further compared with the work of Li et al [ 9 ], who proposed an emergency dispatching optimization model to minimize the total evacuation time of stranded passengers with a fixed headway. Table 7 lists the corresponding dispatching schemes and main indicators using the same resource limitation ( P 1 = 17, P 2 = 18 ) and different optimization objectives.…”

“…The solution of the dispatching optimization model is dynamic because the resilience index must be updated for each set of decision variables. The GA terminates when the maximum number of iterations is reached or when the fitness function achieves no substantial improvement after a certain number of iterations [ 9 ].…”

“…Eq (9) states the objective of the model, which consists of the maximization of the resilience index of the evacuated passengers. The integral is transformed into a cumulative summation to simplify the calculation.…”

“…Wu et al [ 8 ] considered passenger delay in the bus bridging and metro short-turning processes to develop a coordinated emergency response model for metro disruptions. Li et al [ 9 ] formulated an integrated optimization model to address both bus bridging route layouts and bus resource allocation. The stop-by-stop, express, and skip-stop route schemes, parallel to the disrupted line segment, were applied in the optimized bridging scheme to best respond to passenger demands.…”

“…When dealing with multi-objective optimization, some studies have adopted multi-stage optimization model, where each stage has a different objective [ 10 , 14 , 19 , 23 ]. Other studies have adopted an integrated optimization model whose optimization objective includes both the operational cost and stranded passenger delay [ 8 , 9 , 21 ]. The algorithm of the model can be classified into two broad categories: analytical and heuristic [ 1 ].…”