Integrated optical parametric devices

Sohler, W.; Hampel, Benedikt; Regener, Rolf A.; Ricken, Raimund; Suche, H.; Volk, Raimund

doi:10.1109/jlt.1986.1074826

Cited by 37 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Unlike the laser, whose heterostructure diode version [2] has propelled the field of photonics, the quest for an electrically pumped monolithic version of the OPO is still open half a century after its original demonstration [3]. While most of guided-wave OPOs have been demonstrated in LiNbO 3 [4][5][6], its dielectric nature is incompatible with the perspective of full optoelectronic integration, which seems more viable for a direct gap semiconductor with strong nonlinearity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-infrared OPO in an AlGaAs/AlOx waveguide

et al. 2013

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Within the ambitious quest for an electrically pumped version of the optical parametric oscillator (OPO), we demonstrate the first near-infrared integrated OPO in a direct gap semiconductor. This nonlinear device is based on a selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs heterostructure, the same "AlOx" technology that is at the heart of VCSEL fabrication. The heterostructure and waveguide design allows for type-I form-birefringent phase matching, with a TM 00 pump around 1 µm and TE 00 signal and idler around 2 µm. Relying on the high non-resonant χ (2) of GaAs, relatively weak guidedwave optical losses, and monolithic SiO 2 /TiO 2 dichroic Bragg mirrors, we observe a threshold of 210 mW at degeneracy in the continuous-wave regime, with a single-pass-pump doubly resonant scheme. Further improvement can be achieved by adopting a double-pump-pass scheme and, in a more fundamental way, by further optimizing the waveguide optical losses. The latter are induced by a not entirely mastered AlAs oxidation process and are of two distinct types: Rayleighlike scattering at signal and idler wavelength (α ≤ 1cm -1 ), due to the interface roughness between GaAs and AlOx layers; and absorption at pump wavelengths (α ≈ 3cm -1 ), due to volume defects in the GaAs layers adjacent to the aluminum oxide. This result marks a milestone for integrated nonlinear photonics and represents a significant step toward the goal of a broadly tunable coherent light source on chip.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-infrared OPO in an AlGaAs/AlOx waveguide

et al. 2013

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“…After the first studies in integrated optics (for a comprehensive review of this topic see, e.g., [4]), it became clear that guided waves would offer fundamental advantages for nonlinear optics due to the intrinsic radiation confinement, thus leading to high optical intensities over long propagation distances [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical frequency conversion in integrated devices [Invited]

et al. 2011

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We review our recent progresses on frequency conversion in integrated devices, focusing primarily on experiments based on strip-loaded and quantum-well intermixed AlGaAs waveguides, and on CMOS-compatible high-index doped silica glass waveguides. The former includes both second-and third-order interactions, demonstrating wavelength 2 conversion by tunable difference-frequency generation over a bandwidth of more than 100 nm, as well as broadband self-phase modulation and tunable four-wave mixing. The latter includes four-wave mixing using low-power continuous-wave light in microring resonators as well as hyper-parametric oscillation in a high quality factor resonator, towards the realization of an integrated multiple wavelength source with important applications for telecommunications, spectroscopy, and metrology.

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“…[2][3][4] Since then, both the advent of nano-optics and the technological advances have made new solutions available. Among them, microresonators can certainly be considered among the best candidates for nonlinear optics and frequency generations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1 It took a number of years to realize that guided-wave optics and resonators could dramatically enhance phenomena requiring high intensities and tuning of critical parameters. [2][3][4] Since then, both the advent of nano-optics and the technological advances have made new solutions available. Among them, microresonators can certainly be considered among the best candidates for nonlinear optics and frequency generations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance matching in photonic crystal microcavities for second-harmonic generation

2006

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By numerically integrating the three-dimensional Maxwell equations in the time domain with reference to a dispersive quadratically nonlinear material, we study second harmonic generation in planar photonic crystal microresonators. The proposed scheme allows efficient coupling of the pump radiation to the defect resonant mode. The out-coupled generated second harmonic is maximized by impedance matching the photonic crystal cavity to the output waveguide.In the early sixties the very first experiments in nonlinear optics were Frankens investigations of traveling-wave second harmonic generation.1 It took a number of years to realize that guided-wave optics and resonators could dramatically enhance phenomena requiring high intensities and tuning of critical parameters.2-4 Since then, both the advent of nano-optics and the technological advances have made new solutions available. Among them, microresonators can certainly be considered among the best candidates for nonlinear optics and frequency generations. [5][6][7][8] In the past few years, photonic crystal (PC) microcavities, i. e. periodic (bandgap) structures hosting a resonant defect, have attracted attention for some of their unique properties.9, 10 In particular, in PC microresonators it is possible to obtain extremely high quality factors (Q) in reduced volumes while tailoring their dispersive features, 11, 12 characteristics which can be exploited to achieve efficient frequency generation with various schemes. [13][14][15][16] The advantages inherent to a high confinement, however, are partially counterbalanced by a difficult energy coupling into the resonators: well isolated resonant states, in fact, correspond to large (external) quality factors of the cavity. 17To this extent, impedance matching has been proposed based on a properly designed coupling to/from the microcavities. 18,19 In this Letter we propose and investigate an efficient outsourcing scheme to maximize frequency doubling from a PC defect. Resorting to a second-order nonlinearity in a large Q photonic crystal microcavity, an optical pump is up-converted to a resonant crosspolarized harmonic signal. Since the device is designed to be nearly transparent to the pump wavelength, input coupling losses are minimized while the out-coupled second harmonic can be maximized by impedance matching. The temporal evolution of the resonant mode at the second-harmonic (SH) can be described and related to the cavity parameters by coupled mode theory in the time domain (CMT-TD):where a SH is the mode amplitude at the SH frequency ω SH , τ SH takes into account both internal (1/τ o ) and external (1/τ e ) losses (1/τ SH = 1/τ o + 1/τ e ), κ is the (three-dimensional) overlap integral between the sus-1

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Integrated optical parametric devices

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Near-infrared OPO in an AlGaAs/AlOx waveguide

Near-infrared OPO in an AlGaAs/AlOx waveguide

Optical frequency conversion in integrated devices [Invited]

Impedance matching in photonic crystal microcavities for second-harmonic generation

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