1994
DOI: 10.1016/0925-4005(93)01090-q
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Integrated optical output grating coupler as biochemical sensor

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Cited by 43 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…An affinity biosensor consists of a transducer (electrochemical [1], piezoelectric [2], or optical [3]) and a biological recognition element which is able to interact with a selected analyte. Various optical methods have been exploited in biosensors including fluorescence spectroscopy [4], interferometry (reflectometric white light interferometry [5] and modal interferometry in optical waveguide structures [6]), spectroscopy of guided modes of optical waveguides (grating coupler [7] and resonant mirror [8]), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [9,10]. Fluorescence-based biosensors offer high sensitivity but, due to the use of labels, they require either multi-step detection protocols or delicately balanced affinities of interacting biomolecules for displacement assays, causing sensor cross-sensitivity to non-target analytes [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An affinity biosensor consists of a transducer (electrochemical [1], piezoelectric [2], or optical [3]) and a biological recognition element which is able to interact with a selected analyte. Various optical methods have been exploited in biosensors including fluorescence spectroscopy [4], interferometry (reflectometric white light interferometry [5] and modal interferometry in optical waveguide structures [6]), spectroscopy of guided modes of optical waveguides (grating coupler [7] and resonant mirror [8]), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [9,10]. Fluorescence-based biosensors offer high sensitivity but, due to the use of labels, they require either multi-step detection protocols or delicately balanced affinities of interacting biomolecules for displacement assays, causing sensor cross-sensitivity to non-target analytes [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During recent years integrated optical sensors have been used extensively in sensitive (bio)chemical analysis. A number of such sensors, e.g., uniform grating couplers 1 and difference, 2 Mach-Zehnder, 3 and Young 4 interferometers, have been proposed and successfully implemented. The principle of these sensors is based on highly accurate measurement of the effective refractive-index change ͑N eff ͒ that occurs as a result of the adsorption of an analyte in the sensing area of a waveguide.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The SPR biosensor allows direct, real-time, label-free and quantitative detection of interactions by measuring refractive index change at or near a thin metal film surface 10,11 and offer unique opportunity for rapid and cost effective detection and identification of target biomolecules 12 . Antibodies are the most preferred biomolecules for capture of any analyte in a test sample 13 . SPR sensors have been applied to clinical and medical diagnosis 14,15 , with research focusing on developing assays to measure antigen-antibody interactions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%