Integrated optical output grating coupler as refractometer and (bio-)chemical sensor

Clerc, D.; Lukosz, W.

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(93)85288-l

“…The low biotin coverages on the TIRFM substrate and the vesicles were chosen to reduce the number of anchoring points and potential vesicle deformation. 54 Taking the sizes of the counterparts of the biotinstreptavidin tether into account, 55 the tether length is estimated to be 15-17 nm. This length is rather large, and accordingly, the effect of the glass/water interface on the dye emission is nearly negligible even if dyes are located at the lower vesicle part.…”

Section: Surface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for determination of size of individual immobilized vesicles: Theory and experiment

Olsson

¹

,

Zhdanov

²

,

Höök

³

2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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Lipid vesicles immobilized via molecular linkers at a solid support represent a convenient platform for basic and applied studies of biological processes occurring at lipid membranes. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), one can track such processes at the level of individual vesicles provided that they contain dyes. In such experiments, it is desirable to determine the size of each vesicle, which may be in the range from 50 to 1000 nm. Fortunately, TIRFM in combination with nanoparticle tracking analysis makes it possible to solve this problem as well. Herein, we present the formalism allowing one to interpret the TIRFM measurements of the latter category. The analysis is focused primarily on the case of unpolarized light. The specifics of the use of polarized light are also discussed. In addition, we show the expected difference in size distribution of suspended and immobilized vesicles under the assumption that the latter ones are deposited under diffusion-controlled conditions. In the experimental part of our work, we provide representative results, showing explicit advantages and some shortcomings of the use of TIRFM in the context under consideration, as well as how our refined formalism improves previously suggested approaches. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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“…Liquid particles penetrate the micropores of the waveguide film SiO 2 :TiO 2 , which leads to the fluctuation of effective refractive indexes, and in conse− quence to the reduction of the detection limit of effective refractive indexes to about (DN) min = (1-2)´10 -6 RIU [44]. The said effect can be reduced by calcination the structures at higher temperatures (~850°C), but then we must apply silicon substrates with a silica film or silica glass substrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resolution is limited by temperature fluctuations. In practice, it is possible to ensure temperature stabilization at the level of 0.1-0.2 K [20,44,45], which means that the detection limit involving the measurement of refractive index changes is limited to the level of (Dn c ) miñ 10 -5 RIU. Hence, we can observe that the sensitivities of sensor structures presented in the work are sufficient for the measurements of refractive indexes of water solutions and can be applied in biochemical measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embossable grating couplers for planar evanescent wave sensors

Karasiński

¹

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

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The paper presents input grating couplers to be applied in planar evanescent wave sensors. Waveguide films SiO2:TiO2 were obtained using the sol-gel method, and grating couplers with a groove density of 1000 g/mm and 2400 g/mm were produced using the method of master grating embossing in sol film. The influence of refractive index of the cover on incoupling angles was presented. Basing on the experimental results, detection limits involving the changes of effective indexes and refractive indexes of the cover for the investigated planar structures were determined. Sensor structures with the couplers having a groove density of 1000 g/mm enable to detect minimum changes of the effective index below 3.3×10−7 and to detect minimum changes of refractive index of the cover below 2.3×10−6. Detection limits for the structures with couplers having the groove density of 2400 g/mm are over twofold higher.

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“…Both modes of electromagnetic radiation (transversal electric, TE, and transversal magnetic, TM) can be used, so that a difference is produced [210]. A large number of uses have been published in the field of gas sensors and for rapid analysis with biosensors [211].…”

Section: Grating Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy

Gauglitz

¹

2008

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

0

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Comparison with Other Spectroscopic Methods 1.2. Development and Uses 2. Theoretical Principles 2.1. Electronic States and Orbitals 2.2. Interaction Between Radiation and Matter 2.2.1. Dispersion 2.2.2. Absorption 2.2.3. Scattering 2.2.4. Reflection 2.2.5. Band Intensity 2.3. The Lambert–BeerLaw 2.3.1. Definitions 2.3.2. Deviations from the Lambert ‐ Beer Law 2.4. Photophysics 2.4.1. Energy Level Diagram 2.4.2. Deactivation Processes 2.4.3. Transition Probability and Fine Structure of the Bands 2.5. Chromophores 2.6. Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism 2.6.1. Generation of Polarized Radiation 2.6.2. Interaction with Polarized Radiation 2.6.3. Optical Rotatory Dispersion 2.6.4. Circular Dichroism and the Cotton Effect 2.6.5. Magnetooptical Effects 3. Optical Components and Spectrometers 3.1. Principles of Spectrometer Construction 3.1.1. Sequential Measurement of Absorption 3.1.2. Multiplex Methods in Absorption Spectroscopy 3.2. Light Sources 3.2.1. Line Sources 3.2.2. Sources of Continuous Radiation 3.2.3. Lasers 3.3. Selection of Wavelengths 3.3.1. Prism Monochromators 3.3.2. Grating Monochromators 3.3.3. Electro‐Acoustic and Opto‐Acoustic Wavelength Generation 3.4. Polarizers and Analyzers 3.5. Sample Compartments and Cells 3.5.1. Closed Compartments 3.5.2. Modular Arrangements 3.5.3. Open Compartments 3.6. Detectors 3.7. Optical Paths for Special Measuring Requirements 3.7.1. Fluorescence Measurement 3.7.2. Measuring Equipment for Polarimetry, ORD, and CD 3.7.3. Reflection Measurement 3.7.4. Ellipsometry 3.8. Effect of Equipment Parameters 3.9. Connection to Electronic Systems and Computers 4. Uses of UV ‐ VIS Spectroscopy in Absorption, Fluorescence, and Reflection 4.1. Identification of Substances and Determination of Structures 4.2. Quantitative Analysis 4.2.1. Determination of Concentration by Calibration Curves 4.2.2. Classical Multicomponent Analysis 4.2.3. Multivariate Data Analysis 4.2.4. Use in Chromatography 4.3. Fluorimetry 4.3.1. Inner Filter Effects 4.3.2. Fluorescene and Scattering 4.3.3. Excitation Spectra 4.3.4. Applications 4.4. Reflectometry 4.4.1. Diffuse Reflection 4.4.2. Color Measurement 4.4.3. Regular Reflection 4.4.4. Determination of Film Thickness 4.4.5. Ellipsometry 4.5. Resonance Methods 4.5.1. SurfacePlasmon Resonance 4.5.2. Grating Couplers 4.5.3. Other Evanescent Methods 4.5.4. Interferometric Methods 4.6. On‐Line Process Control 4.6.1. Process Analysis 4.6.2. Measurement of Film Thicknesses 4.6.3. Optical Sensors 4.7. Measuring Methods Based on Deviations from the Lambert – Beer Law 5. Special Methods 5.1. Derivative Spectroscopy 5.2. Dual‐Wavelength Spectroscopy 5.3. Scattering 5.3.1. Turbidimetry 5.3.2. Nephelometry 5.3.3. Photon Correlation Spectroscopy 5.4. Luminescence, Excitation, and Depolarization Spectroscopy, and Measurement of Lifetimes 5.5. Polarimetry 5.5.1. Sugar Analysis 5.5.2. Cellulose Determination 5.5.3. Stereochemical StructuralAnalysis 5.5.4. Use of Optical Activity Induced by a Magnetic Field 5.6. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS)

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Integrated optical output grating coupler as refractometer and (bio-)chemical sensor

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for determination of size of individual immobilized vesicles: Theory and experiment

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for determination of size of individual immobilized vesicles: Theory and experiment

Embossable grating couplers for planar evanescent wave sensors

Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy

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